تاثیر سالیسیلیک اسید و سولفات منیزیم کلاته بر بهبود کیفیت میوه (ویژگی های فیزیکی) گلابی رقم لوئیزبون

نوع مقاله : مقالات پژوهشی

نویسندگان

• مه جبین عادل ¹
• محمد اسماعیل امیری ¹
• محمد علی نجاتیان ²

¹ دانشگاه زنجان

² مرکز تحقیقات کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی قزوین

https://doi.org/10.22067/jhorts4.v30i1.42011

چکیده

لزوم دارا بودن مشخصات کیفی مطلوب در میوه گلابی از نظر صفات وزن مخصوص میوه (معیار اصلی درجه بندی گلابی) و نسبت طول به قطر (درجه بندی فرعی) به دلیل نقش آن ها در بازارپسندی و نرخ گذاری این محصول بدیهی است. کیفیت میوه در هنگام برداشت به عنوان یکی از اجزاء باروری گیاه تحت تاثیر عوامل مختلفی از جمله تغذیه قرار می گیرد. در پژوهش حاضر، اثر محلول‌پاشی سالیسیلیک اسید با غلظت های صفر، 1/0 و 5/0 گرم در هزار و سولفات منیزیم کلاته با غلظت های صفر، 5/0 و 7/0 گرم در هزار بر شاخص های فیزیکی کیفیت میوه گلابی رقم لوئیزبون بصورت ساده در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی مورد مطالعه قرار گرفت. گیاهان تحت آزمون ده ساله و در یک باغ محصور و یکنواخت گلابی در روستای جهان آباد از توابع استان قزوین قرار داشتند. پس از اعمال تیمارهای فوق، اندازه گیری صفات وزن میوه، حجم میوه، وزن مخصوص میوه (W/V)، طول میوه، قطر میوه و شاخص شکل میوه (L/D) در سال 1392 صورت گرفت. نتایج نشان داد که تغذیه گیاه با ترکیبات آلی و معدنی بر ویژگی های کیفی میوه تاثیر داشت و بین ترکیبات مختلف تیماری از این نظر اختلاف معنی داری وجود داشت (p < 0.01). به طوری که دامنه تغییرات بین تیمارهای مختلف در خصوص صفات طول میوه بین 67/64 تا 82/76 میلی متر، قطر میوه بین 01/45 تا 81/57 میلی متر، نسبت طول به قطر 28/1 تا 59/1 میلی متر، حجم میوه 67/54 تا 7/128 سانتی متر مکعب، وزن میوه 39/67 تا 7/121 گرم و وزن مخصوص میوه 72/0 تا 97/0 گرم بر سانتی متر مکعب متغیر بود. نتایج نشان داد که میوه های تیمار شده با سالیسیلیک اسید با غلظت 5/0 نسبت به سایرین دارای نسبت طول به قطر بالاتر و وزن مخصوص پائین تری بوده و تیمار فوق می تواند بسته به هدف به عنوان تغذیه پیشنهادی جهت تولید میوه های گلابی کشیده تر و سبک تر مورد توجه قرار گیرد. مضاف بر این، تیمار توام سالیسیلیک اسید با غلظت 5/0 و سولفات منیزیم کلاته با غلظت 7/0 گرم در هزار نیز بدلیل اختصاص بیشترین وزن مخصوص میوه به خود می تواند به عنوان تغذیه پیشنهادی جهت تولید میوه های گلابی با وزن بیشتر مدنظر قرار گیرد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

• تغذیه
• شاخص شکل میوه
• نسبت طول به قطر
• وزن مخصوص میوه

20.1001.1.20084730.1395.30.1.8.3

عنوان مقاله [English]

Effect of Salicylic Acid and Chelated Magnesium Sulfate on Fruit Quality Improvement (Physical Characteristics) in Pear (cv. Louise Bonne)

نویسندگان [English]

• Mahjabin Adel ¹
• Mohammad Esmaeil Amiri ¹
• Mohammad Ali Nejatian ²

¹

² Qazvin Agriculture and Natural Resources Research Center, Qazvin-Iran

چکیده [English]

Introduction: Fruit quality is described based on the crop functions (for industry or table) and/or difference of the consumer tastes in different societies. The conformity of the quality with consumer demands has an effective role in improvement of the marketing process. For example, elongated pears are preferred for the processing industries and conserving productions. The lack of attention to retaining of quality and/or improvement of apparent situation of gardening product in proportion to consumer demands decreases especial consumer acceptance. The necessity of having desired quality characteristics in pear fruits from the characters viewpoint of fruit specific gravity (major rating criterion of pears) and proportion of length to diameter (minor rating), because of their role in market acceptance and pricing, is evident. Fruit quality, while harvesting, as one of the components of plants fertility influenced under different parameters like nourishment and could be managed during growth season. In other words, the gain of qualities proportionated to consumers demands and/or processing industries is possible by the use of acquired method such as the kind of mother plant nutrition, and control of pests and diseases, etc. In the current research, the effect of salicylic acid and chelated magnesium sulfate was studied on physical indexes of fruits quality of pear fruit.
Materials and Methods: In order to study the effect of treatment agents, an experiment was conducted in the ecological conditions of Qazvinon Pear trees belonging to Louise Bonne cultivar in the Randomized Complete Block Design. The treatments includecontrol group (with andwithout water),chelated magnesium sulfate with concentration of 0.5 gram in a liter, chelated magnesium sulfate with concentration of 0.7gram in a liter, salicylic acid with concentration of0.1 gram in a liter,the compound treatment of salicylic acid with concentration of 0.1 andchelated magnesium sulfate with concentration of 0.5 gram in a liter, the compound treatment of salicylic acid with concentration of 0.1andchelated magnesium sulfate with concentration of 0.7gram in a liter, salicylic acid with concentration of 0.5gram in a liter,the compound treatment of salicylic acid with concentration of 0.5andchelatedmagnesium sulfate with concentration of 0.5 gram in a liter, and the compound treatment of salicylic acid withconcentration of 0.5andchelated magnesium sulfate with concentration of 0.7gram in a liter. Measuring the attributes of fruit weight, fruitvolume, fruit specific gravity(W/V), fruit length, fruit diameter and fruit shape index (L/D) were made in two successive years (2012, 2013).Diameter andlength of fruit earned by nondestructive method and by using digital caliper (Mitutoyo) in the place of maximum length and width diameters andlength: diameter ratio by division of these two parameters. Fruit weight estimated by digital scale (0.01 g) and its volume by the difference of the water level of scaled column and fruit density was calculated by using formula d=M/V. The statistic calculations of measured characteristics were made using MSTATC and SPSS soft wares and the comparison of means using Duncan's test.
Results and discussion: The results indicated that the plants nourishment using organic and mineral combinations had an influence on quality characteristics and there was a significant difference among combinations in most cases (p< 0.01). In the way that the extent of changes among different treatments was changeable in the case of fruit length between 64.67 to 76.82 mm, fruit diameter between 45.01 to 57.81 mm, proportion oflength to diameter between 1.28 to 1.59 mm, fruitvolume between 54.67 to 128.7cm3, fruit weight between 67.39 to 121.7 g and fruit specific gravity between 0.72 to 0.97 g to cm3. Maximum weight, volume and specific gravity in fruits were allocated to the treatment of salicylic acid with concentration of 0.1gram in a liter, the compound treatment of salicylic acid with concentration of 0.1 and chelated magnesium sulfate with concentration of 0.5gram in a liter, and the compound treatment of salicylic acid with concentration of 0.5and chelated magnesium sulfate with concentration of 0.7 gram in a liter, respectively and the least amount in each of the three cases was related to the treatment of salicylic acid with concentration of 0.5 gram in a liter, too. The most and the least amount oflength: diameter ratio were allocated to the treatment of salicylic acid with concentration of 0.5 gram in a liter and the compound treatment of salicylic acid with concentration of 0.1 and chelated magnesium sulfate with concentration of 0.5gram in a liter, respectively. The increase of crop quality by salicylic acid in plants under tension conforms to the other study results. Salicylic acid has an important role in regulating various physiological processes such as growth, plant development, ion absorption and photosynthesis. Therefore, the application of salicylic acid as a plant growth regulator besides the mineral compound of chelated magnesium sulfate is effective on physical indexes of fruit quality in Pear.
Conclusions: The results indicated that the fruits treated with salicylicacid with concentration of 0.5 gram in a liter had more proportion of length to diameter and less specific gravityrelated to others and the aforesaid treatment can be paid attention as proposed nutrition to produce lighter and more extended pear fruits, depending on the purpose.Furthermore, the compound treatment of salicylic acid with concentration of 0.5 and chelated magnesium sulfate with concentration of 0.7 gram in a litercan be paid attention as proposed nutrition to produce heavier pear fruits, too and that is because of its allocation of the most amount of fruit specific gravity.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

• Fruit Shape Index
• Fruit Specific Gravity
• Length to Diameter Ratio
• Nutrition

مراجع

1- Abdollahi H. 2011. Pear, Botany of Cultivars and Rootstocks, Agricultural Extension Publisher, Tehran, Iran, 196 p.

2- Adel M. 2013. The examination of the effect of spray of chelated magnesium sulfate and salsylic acid on the increase of antioxidant defence against Fire Blight of pear (cv. Louise Bonne), M.Sc. Thesis, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran, 105 p. (in Persian with English abstract)

3- Adel M., Adel M., Amiri M.E., Nejatian M.A., and Davodi A. 2013. The examination of the effect of spray of chelated magnesium sulfate and salsylic acid on the shoot Fire blight of pear (cv. Louise Bonne), Articles Abstract of the 8th Agricultural Science Congress of Iran, Hamadan, Page 427 (in Persian with English abstract)

4- Adel M., Amiri M.E., and Adel M. 2014. Influence of spray with salicylic acid and coriander extract on shoot Fire Blight and fruit quality in pears (cv. Louise Bonne), New Issues Congress, Karaj (in Persian)

5- Adel M. Amiri M.E., Nejatian M.A., Davodi A., and Adel M. 2015. Evaluation of Spray with Edetate Magnesium Sulfate and Salicylic Acid on Shoot Fire Blight in Pear cv. ‘Louise Bonne’, Seed and Plant production Journal, 31 (2): 2.

6- Mohan Jain S., and Priyadarshan P.M. 2009. Breeding Plantation Tree Crops: Temperate Species. Translation: Adel M. and Adel M. University Jihad Publications, 350 p.

7- Amarnameh. 2008. Ministry of Jihad-e-Agriculture. The office of Statistic and Information Technology. Available at http://www.agri-jahad.ir (in Persian)

8- Aukest Boger T., and Singa S. 2011. Encyclopedia of Abstract of Temperate Tree Crops. Translation: Rahemi, M. and Tavaloli, V., Avand Andisheh publication, Shiraz, 406 p. (in Persian)

9- Babalar M., Asghari M., Talaei A., and Khosroshahi A. 2007. Effect of pre- and postharvest salicylic acid treatment on ethylene production, fungal decay and overall quality of Selva strawberry fruit, Food Chemistry, 105: 449-453. (in Persian with English abstract)

10- Bakhshi khaniki Gh., Ghorbanali M., and mirbagheri Sh. 2011. Biochemical changes of the two Golab and Shafiabadi apple cultivars in harvesting time and after storage, New Cellular and Molecular Biotechnology Journal, 5: 59- 65. (in Persian)

11- Eftekharzadeh M.S., Sadeghzadeh Ahari V., and Grigoorian V. 2002. The effect of urea and carbamyl on thining of apple fruit of Golden Delicious, Journal of Horticultural Science and Technology, 3: 47-58. (in Persian)

12- El-Tayeb M.A. 2005. Response of barley grain to the interactive effect of salinity and salicylic acid, Plant Growth Regulation, 42: 215-224.

13- FAOSTAT. 1997 and 2009. FAO statistics data base on the world wide web. http://faostat.fao.org.

14- Faust M. 2001. Physiology of Fruit Trees of Temperate Regions. Translation: Gholami, M. and Kimiai Talab, M. R., Bu Ali Sina Publications, Hamadan, 350 p.

15- Guidance of Rating and Pricing of Pear Types. 2012. The management organization of fresh fruit and vegetable square of Tehran municipality. The sanitation assistance and quality control. (in Persian)

16- Guillou R., Griggs W.H., and Geller G. 1973. Weight sampling for size measurement of Bartlett pears for canning. California Agriculture.

17- Hayat S., and Ahmad A. 2007. Salicylic Acid a Plant Hormone, Springer, India, 410 p.

18- Jalili Marandi R. and Haji Taghi Loo R. 2003. The laboratory of post-harvest physiology, Oroomiyeh University Publications, Oroomiyeh. (in Persian)

19- Jookovskiy P.M. 1950. Cultivated plants and their center of origins, Moscow, Savetskaya Science, 595 p.

20- Kappel K., Fisher-Fleming R., and Hogue E.J. 1995. Ideal Pear Sensory Attributes and Fruit Characteristics, HORTSCIENCE, 30 (5): 988-993.

21- Karadeniz T., and Sen S.M. 1990. Morphological and Pomological properties of Pears grown in Tirebolu and vicinity, Journal of YYU Agricultural Faculty, 1: 152-165.

22- Khosh ghalb H. 2008. The effects of Calcium, Zink and Boron on fruit chemical combination, post- harvest sustainability and the decrease in internal browning of fruit in two Asian pear cultivars (Pyrus serotina Rehd.) in Tehran climate, M.Sc. Thesis, the University of Tarbiat Modares, Iran. (In Persian)

23- Koochaki A., Rashed mohasel M.H., Nasiri M. and Sadrabadi R. 1995. Physiological Bases of Growth and Development in Farming Plants (translate), Publications of Imam Reza (greeting to him) University, Mashhad. (In Persian)

24- Manthe B., Schulz M., Schnabl H. 1992. Effects of salicylic acid on growth and stomatal movements of Vicia faba L.: evidence for salicylic acid metabolization, Journal Chemical Ecology, 18: 1525–1539.

25- Mishra S.N. and Singh A.P. 1989. Studies on sulphur and phosphorus availability and uptake by groundnut, Legume Research, 12 (4): 160-164.

26- Najafzadeh R., Arzani A. and Babaei A. 2012. The examination of physico- chemical and qualitative attributes of fruits in some genotypes of European pear (Pyrus communis L.), Journal of Horticultural Science, 26 (2): 170-177. (in Persian)

27- Ozturk I., Ercisli S., Kalkan F., and Demir B. 2009. Some chemical and physico-mechanical properties of Pear cultivars, African Journal of Biotechnology, 8 (4): 687-693.

28- Popova L., Ananieva V., Hristova V., Christov K., Georgieva K., Alexieva V. and Stoinova Zh. 2003. Salicylic acid-and Methyl jasmonate- induced protection on photosynthesis to paraquat oxidative stress, Bulgarian Journal of Plant Physiology, special issue, 133-152.

29- Rasoli M., and Arzani K. 2011. The examination of amount of total photosynthesis rate and growth pattern in nine Asian pear cultivars (Pyrus serotina Rehd.) in Tehran climate, Journal of Horticultural Science and Technology, 4: 329-338. (in Persian)

30- Sabeti H. 1994. Forests, Trees and Shrubs of Iran, Yazd University Publication, Yazd, Iran. 810 p.

31- Wolucka B.A., Goossens A., Inze D. 2005. Methyl jasmonate stimulates the de navo biosynthesis of vitamin C in plant cell suspensions, Journal of Experimental Botany, 56: 2527-2538.

32- Zafavinia H., Arzani K., and Ghasemi A. 2010. The examination of carbohydrate amount and mineral elements seedlings of some Asian pear cultivars (Pyrus serotina Rehd.) on seed rootstocks of European pear (Pyrus communis L.) in Isfahan climate, Journal of Horticultural Science and Technology, 3: 209-221. (in Persian)

33- Zhang Y., Kunsong CH., Zhang S., and Ferguson I. 2003. The role of salicylic acid in postharvest ripening of kiwifruit, Postharvest Biology and Technology, 28: 67-74.

34- Zhang H.Y., Wang L., Dong Y., Jiang S., Zhang H.H., Zheng X.D. 2008. Control of postharvest pear diseases using Rhodotorula glutinis and its effects on postharvest quality parameters, International Journal of Food Microbiology, 126 (1-2): 167-171.

35- Zheng Y., and Zhang Q. 2004. Effect of polyamines and salicylic acid on postharvest storage of ‘ponkan’ mandarin, Acta Horticulture, 632: 317- 320.