اثر تراکم کاشت و رقم بر خصوصیات مرفولوژیکی، عملکرد و صفات کیفی ریحان (Ocimum basilicum L.) در کشت هیدروپونیک

نوع مقاله : مقالات پژوهشی

نویسندگان

• فرزانه بدخشان
• فریده صدیقی دهکردی
• سید محمد حسن مرتضوی

دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز

https://doi.org/10.22067/jhorts4.v32i2.60911

چکیده

در بررسی اثر تراکم بوته و رقم بر عملکرد و کیفیت گیاه ریحان درکشت هیدروپونیک، آزمایشی به صورت اسپلیت پلات در زمان در سه تکرار انجام شد. تیمارها شامل دو رقم سبز و بنفش (در کرت اصلی)، سه تراکم 150، 200 و 250 بوته در متر مربع و دو چین (کرت‌های فرعی) بودند. فاکتورها شامل صفات مرفولوژیکی (تعداد و سطح برگ، وزن تر برگ و ساقه و عملکرد پیکر رویشی تر) و صفات کیفی (کلروفیل کل، کارتنوئید، مواد جامد محلول، اسیدیته قابل تیتراسیون، ترکیبات فنولی کل، ظرفیت آنتی‌اکسیدانی کل و درصد اسانس) بودند. نتایج نشان داد، بیشترین و کمترین تعداد و سطح برگ به ترتیب در رقم سبز با تراکم 150 بوته در متر مربع در چین دوم و رقم سبز با تراکم 150 بوته در متر مربع در چین اول بود. بیشترین و کمترین وزن تر برگ به ترتیب در چین دوم با تراکم 150 بوته در متر مربع و چین اول با تراکم 250 بوته در متر مربع بدست آمد. همچنین بیشترین و کمترین وزن تر ساقه به ترتیب در چین دوم با تراکم 150 بوته در متر مربع و چین دوم با تراکم 200 بوته در متر مربع مشاهده گردید. چین دوم با تراکم 250 بوته در متر مربع و چین اول با تراکم 150 بوته در متر مربع به ترتیب بیشترین (1427 گرم در متر مربع) و کمترین (1020 گرم در متر مربع) عملکرد پیکر رویشی تر را داشت. رقم بنفش با تراکم 250 بوته در متر مربع در چین دوم و رقم بنفش با تراکم 150 بوته در متر مربع در چین اول به ترتیب بیشترین کلروفیل (097/2 میلی گرم در گرم وزن تر) و مواد فنولی (3/104 میلیگرم در کیلوگرم وزن تر) را داشتند. کمترین میزان کلروفیل و مواد فنولی در رقم سبز با تراکم 150 بوته در متر مربع در چین اول مشاهده شد. بیشترین و کمترین کارتنوئید به ترتیب در رقم بنفش با تراکم 250 بوته در متر مربع و رقم بنفش با تراکم 200 بوته در متر مربع بدست آمد. همچنین بیشترین و کمترین ظرفیت آنتی‌اکسیدانی به ترتیب در رقم بنفش با تراکم 150 بوته در متر مربع (021/2 میلی‌مول آهن׀׀ درگرم وزن تر) و رقم سبز با تراکم 150 بوته در متر مربع (698/0 میلی‌مول آهن׀׀ درگرم وزن تر) بود. مواد جامد محلول، اسیدیته قابل تیتراسیون و درصد اسانس تحت تاًثیر اثرات متقابل قرار نگرفت. نتایج نشان داد رقم بنفش و تراکم150 و 250 بوته در متر مربع، به علت بهبود برخی از صفات مرفولوژیکی و کیفی، رقم و تراکم مناسب برای پرورش ریحان بوده است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

• ظرفیت آنتی اکسیدانی
• درصد اسانس
• سطح برگ

20.1001.1.20084730.1397.32.2.7.8

عنوان مقاله [English]

The Effect of Plant Density and Cultivar on Morphological Characteristics, Yield and Quality Traits of Basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) in Hydroponic System

نویسندگان [English]

• Farzaneh Badakhshan
• Farideh Sedighi Dehkordi
• Seyyed Mohammad Hassan Mortazavi

Shahid Chamran university of Ahvaz

چکیده [English]

Introduction: Basil (Ocimum basilicum L.), is considered as one of the main edible crops of Lamiaceae family. In addition of consuming as a leafy vegetable, basil is known as a medicinal plant due to its aromatic and phytochemical compositions. The common edible basil has two main varieties i.e. Green and Opal. Although the production of this plant is highly happened in open farms during hot seasons, recent changes in agricultural policies in terms of year-round production, using less water and increasing the yield and quality, have encouraged the production of basil under controlled environments such as hydroponic systems. The main criteria to proceed a successful hydroponic culture are selecting proper cultivar, planting density and nutrition management. Optimum plant density alleviates the competition between plants and as a consequence, sufficient light and nutrient can lead to higher quantity and quality. This study aimed to discover the impact of plant density on the quality and yield properties of two main varieties of basil under hydroponics system.
Material and Methods: The experiment was done at Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz during 2015-2016 growing season. A pot experiment was conducted based of Split-plot in time design with three replications. Cultivar (Green and Opal) and planting density (150, 200 and 250 plants per m2) were considered as the main and sub plot respectively. The plants were cut twice and different morphological and biochemical properties including number of leaves, leaf area, leafy parts yield, chlorophyll, carotenoids, soluble solid content, titrable acidity, total phenolic content, antioxidant capacity and essential oil content were analyzed.
Result and Discussion:The results showed that among applied treatments, the highest number of leaves (30.61), leaf area (26140 mm2) and stem fresh weight (3.28 g) were recorded for the var. Green with 150 p/m2 planting density at second cut. In contrast, this treatment had the lowest number of leaves (12.33) and leaf area (10810 mm2) at first cut. While maximum leaf fresh weight (5.84 g) was obtained for second cut of 150 p/m2 planting density, minimum leaf and stem fresh weight (3.09 and 2.01 g respectively) were found for second cut of 200 p/m2 planting density. Total fresh yield as an important criteria for a leafy vegetable was affected by both variety and planting density factors. The highest amount of yield (1427 g/m2) was recorded at second cut when plants were at 250 p/m2. In contrast, the plants of 150 p/m2 had the minimum yield at first cut (1020 g/m2). The chlorophyll content was higher in Opal variety surprisingly and the plants of 250 p/m2 and 150 p/m2 had around 2.09 mg/g chlorophyll at second cut. Similar findings were obtained for total phenolic content of leaves that was around 104.3 mg/Kg fresh weight for these treatments. Lowest levels of chlorophyll (1.29 mg/g FW) and total phenolic content (6.158 mg/kg) were seen in the leaves of var. Green when they were planted at 150 plant/m2 density. The data for total carotenoids content showed that the level of this pigments were affected by both parameters of variety and planting density. The leaves of var. Opal of 250 p/m2 density had the highest (6.252 mg/g fresh weight) carotenoids content. The highest (2.021 mmol Fe II/g FW) and lowest (0.69 mmol Fe II/g) amount of antioxidant capacity was recorded in Opal and Green varieties respectively, when they were at 150 plant/m2 density. The taste related parameters including total soluble solids, titrable acidity and essential oil content were not affected by planting density and variety. However, the level of acidity was increased by increasing plant density. On the other hand, a significant difference was seen in terms of TSS, acidity and essential oil between first and second cuts.
Conclusion: Overall and based on obtained data, it can be said that the var. Opal at 150 and 250 plants/m2 density showed the best results in terms of evaluated morphological and qualitative traits and can be recommended for hydroponics basil cultivation. Basil is harvest in 2-3 cuts and this experiment showed that for almost all vegetative parameters, the second cut had better results. The improved yield and quality at second cut could be attributed to the better establishment of roots and providing higher levels of nutrients.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

• antioxidant capacity
• Essential oil
• Leaf area

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