تأثیر تیمار پس از برداشت گاما آمینوبوتریک اسید بر شدت تنفس و برخی خصوصیات کیفی میوه عروسک پشت پرده (Physalis peruviana L.) در دوره انبارمانی

نوع مقاله : مقالات پژوهشی

نویسندگان

• پریسا حیاتی ¹
• سید مهدی حسینی فرهی ²
• غلامرضا عبدی ³
• محسن رادی ⁴
• لیلا تقی پور ⁵
• پدرام عصار ⁵

¹ گروه علوم باغبانی، واحد یاسوج، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، یاسوج، ایران

² گروه علوم باغبانی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد یاسوج، ایران و گروه پژوهشی کشاورزی پایدار و امنیت غذایی، واحد یاسوج، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، یاسوج، ایران

³ دپارتمان زیست فناوری، پژوهشکده خلیج فارس، دانشگاه خلیج فارس، بوشهر، ۷۵۱۶۹_ ایران

⁴ گروه علوم صنایع غذایی، واحد یاسوج، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، یاسوج، ایران

⁵ گروه علوم و مهندسی باغبانی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه جهرم، صندوق پستی: 111-74135، جهرم، ایران

https://doi.org/10.22067/jhs.2023.80053.1215

چکیده

مطالعه حاضر با هدف بررسی اثرات تیمار پس از برداشت غوطه­وری در گاما- آمینوبوتیریک اسید (گابا) بر شدت تنفس، فعالیت­های آنتی­اکسیدانی و کیفیت میوه عروسک پشت پرده در طول دوره انبارمانی بیست و یک روزه انجام شد. آزمایش به­صورت فاکتوریل بر پایه طرح پایه کاملاً تصادفی با سه تکرار و هر تکرار مشتمل بر 25 عدد میوه طراحی شد. فاکتورهای آزمایشی شامل غلظت گابا (صفر، 5، 10 و 15 میلی­مولار)، زمان انبارمانی (7، 14 و 21 روز) و مرحله بلوغ میوه براساس رنگ آن در زمان برداشت (رنگ سبز مایل به زرد و رنگ نارنجی) بود. نتایج ارزیابی میوه­ها به­صورت هفتگی نشان داد که هر دو گروه میوه­های تیمار شده نسبت به شاهد روند افزایشی تنفس کندتر و شدت تنفس نهایی کم­تری داشتند و در مورد هر کدام از مرحله­های بلوغ میوه، اثر غلظت­های مختلف گابا بر شدت تنفس نهایی میوه­ها مشابه بود. روند تغییرات میزان مواد جامد محلول کل و اسید کل میوه­های تیمار شده با گابا نسبت به شاهد در طول دوره انبارمانی کند­تر بود. در پایان دوره انبارمانی، میزان مواد جامد محلول کل آب میوه در میوه­های سبز مایل به زرد تیمار شده با 15 میلی­مولار گابا کمینه و بدون تفاوت آماری با میوه­های تیمار شده با 10 میلی­مولار گابا بود. میزان اثرگذاری غلظت­های گابا بر حفظ اسید کل میوه­های سبز مایل به زرد مشابه بود، اما در مورد میوه­های نارنجی رنگ تیمار 15 میلی­مولار گابا کارآیی بهتری داشت. میزان اسید آسکوربیک در میوه­های سبزرنگ تیمار شده با غلظت­های گابا به­صورت پیوسته و معنی­دار افزایش یافت و پس از 21 روز انبارمانی تفاوتی بین اثر غلظت­های مختلف گابا مشاهده نشد. اما میوه­های نارنجی رنگ تا هفته دوم انبارمانی روند افزایشی معنی­دار و در طی هفته آخر کاهشی غیر معنی­دار در میزان این شاخص را نشان دادند. در مورد میوه­های هر دو گروه، همواره بیش­ترین سطح فعالیت آنزیمی متعلق به میوه­های تیمار شده با غلظت 15 میلی­مولار گابا بود. همچنین کمینه مقدار فنول کل، کاروتنوئید و فعالیت آنتی­اکسیدانی در طول مدت انبارمانی مربوط به میوه­های شاهد بود و هر دو گروه میوه­ها در پاسخ به افزایش غلظت گابا به­صورت معنی­داری مقدار فنول کل، کاروتنوئید و ظرفیت آنتی‌اکسیدانی بیش­تری داشتند. در نهایت ضمن تأیید کارآیی تیمار پس از برداشت گابا بر حفظ و یا بهبود شاخص­های کیفی و ارزش غذایی میوه عروسک پشت پرده، کاربرد آن توصیه می­شود.  

کلیدواژه‌ها

• شدت تنفس
• عروسک پشت پرده
• فعالیت آنتی‌اکسیدانی
• گابا

موضوعات

• فیزیولوژی پس از برداشت

عنوان مقاله [English]

Effect of Postharvest Application of Gamma-aminobutyric Acid on Respiration Rate and Some Qualitative Characteristics of Peruvian Groundcherry (Physalis peruviana L.) Fruit During Storage

نویسندگان [English]

• Parisa Hayati ¹
• Seyyed Mehdi Hosseinifarahi ²
• Gholamreza Abdi ³
• Mohsen Radi ⁴
• Leila Taghipour ⁵
• Pedram Assar ⁵

¹ Department of Horticultural Science, Yasuj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Yasuj, Iran

² Department of Horticultural Science, Islamic Azad University, Yasuj Branch, Yasuj, Iran and Sustainable Agriculture and Food Security Research Group, Yasuj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Yasuj, Iran

³ Department of Biotechnology, Persian Gulf Research Institute, Persian Gulf University, Bushehr, 75169, Iran

⁴ Department of Food Science, Yasuj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Yasuj, Iran

⁵ Department of Horticultural Science, College of Agriculture, Jahrom University, PO Box: 74135-111, Jahrom, Iran

چکیده [English]

Introduction
The Peruvian Groundcherry (Physalis peruviana L.) is a perennial plant that is native to the South American regions and belongs to the Solanaceae family. The harvested fruits are vulnerable to both biotic and abiotic stresses, which can trigger unfavorable physiological and biochemical changes. As a result, the quality and marketability of the product may decrease by the time it reaches the consumer. The fruit of the Peruvian Groundcherry has a high water content and is sensitive to ethylene, causing rapid ripening with a high respiration rate, making it highly perishable. To ensure quality maintenance after harvest, various postharvest treatments are being studied; however, some methods may not be practical due to low customer preference or lack of effectiveness verification. Therefore, alternative treatments need to be found to prolong shelf life and reduce postharvest losses. Currently, environmentally friendly technologies and treatments are recommended. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of γ-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) postharvest treatment on the respiration rate, antioxidant activities, and fruit quality of the Peruvian Groundcherry during 21 days of storage, addressing a research gap in this area.
Materials and Methods
Handpicked Peruvian Groundcherry fruits were taken from a commercial greenhouse located in Fars province, Iran. The fruits were picked at two stages of maturity based on their color, which was either yellowish green or orange. Following the harvest, the fruits were taken to a horticulture laboratory where they were assessed for appearance, size, color, and any damages. The experimental design was factorial based on a completely randomized design with three replications, each containing 25 fruits. Experimental factors included the GABA concentration (0, 5, 10 and 15 mM), storage time (7, 14 and 21 days) and fruit maturity stage based on color at harvest (yellowish green and orange). Following dip treatments in GABA solutions, fruits were packed in plastic clamshells measuring 20×5×10 cm³ and with a hole ratio of 3%. Fruits were stored at a temperature of 15 ^◦C for 21 days, and their quality characteristics and respiration rate were evaluated on a weekly basis.
Results and Discussion
The findings indicated that both groups of treated fruits had a slower increase in respiration rate and lower final respiration rate compared to the control group. The effect of different concentrations of GABA on the final respiration rate of fruits was similar for each stage of fruit maturity. During the storage period, the changes in total soluble solids and total acids of the treated fruits were less than the control group. At the end of the storage period, yellowish green fruits treated with 10 and 15 mM GABA had the lowest amount of total soluble solids; orange fruits had the lowest amount with 15 mM GABA treatment. GABA concentrations had a similar effect on total acids retention of yellowish green fruits, but 15 mM GABA treatment was more effective for orange fruits. Ascorbic acid content and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase enzyme activity were consistently higher in treated fruits than in the control group. In green fruits treated with GABA concentrations, the amount of ascorbic acid increased significantly and continuously, with no significant difference between treatments at the end of storage period. Orange fruits showed a significant increase until the second week of storage, followed by a non-significant decrease. Higher amounts of ascorbic acid in orange fruits were detected by applying higher GABA concentrations. Both groups of fruits had significantly higher amounts of total phenol, carotenoid, and antioxidant capacity in response to increasing GABA concentration, while the minimum amount of these compounds during the storage period was related to the control group. However, orange-colored fruits were more sensitive to treatments compared to yellowish green fruits.
Conclusions
The results of the present study indicate a positive effect of postharvest GABA treatment on reducing respiration rate, improving antioxidant activities, and maintaining the quality and nutritional value of Peruvian groundcherry fruit during a 21-day storage period. Considering the global preference and demand among governments and consumers to use environmentally-friendly treatments of biological origin that pose no risk to human health, we recommend the use of GABA treatment for optimal storage of Peruvian groundcherry fruit. Finally, it is recommended to assess the efficacy of GABA or other safe and environmentally-friendly postharvest treatments on the quality and shelf life of other valuable horticultural commodities.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

• Antioxidant activity
• GABA
• Peruvian groundcherry
• Respiration rate

©2023 The author(s). This is an open access article distributed under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0), which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source.

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