تاثیر نوع رنگ و درصد سایه‌دهی سایبان بر برخی از ویژگی‌های رویشی، کمی و کیفی انگور رقم ’ریش‌بابا‘

نوع مقاله : مقالات پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه علوم باغبانی، واحد شیراز. دانشگاه ازاد اسلامی، شیراز. ایران.

2 بخش تحقیقات زراعی و باغی، مرکز تحقیقات کشاورزی و آموزش و منابع طبیعی استان فارس، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، شیراز، ایران

3 بخش تحقیقات زراعی و باغی، مرکز تحقیقات کشاورزی و آموزش و منابع طبیعی استان فارس، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، شیراز، ایران.

چکیده

انگور یکی از مهم­ترین محصولات باغی در استان فارس بوده که به صورت دیم و آبی تحت کشت می­باشد. شواهد نشان می­دهد که در سال‌های اخیر تغییر اقلیم و گرم شدن جهانی موجب اثرات منفی بر برخی ویژگی­های فنولوژی، کمیت و کیفیت محصول شده است. یکی از راهکارهای کاهش خسارت تغییر اقلیم همچون آفتاب­سوختگی برگ و میوه، استفاده از پوشش سایبان می­باشد. در این راستا، پژوهش حاضر به منظور بررسی اثر نوع رنگ (سبز، قرمز و سفید) و درصد سایه‌دهی سایبان (30 و 50 درصد) بر برخی ویژگی‌های انگور رقم ’ریش‌بابا‘، به صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی در سه تکرار در یکی از تاکستان‌های شهرستان کوار در سال 1398 اجرا گردید. نتایج نشان داد که پوشش رنگ سبز با سایه‌دهی 50درصد بیشترین رشد رویشی را از نظر طول شاخه (87/20 سانتی‌متر)، فاصله میانگره (80/3 سانتی‌متر) و سطح برگ (33/188 سانتی‌متر مربع) داشته و کمترین میزان طول شاخه (42 و 25/48 سانتی‌متر مربع)، فاصله میانگره (97/2 و 58/2 سانتی‌متر مربع) و سطح برگ (07/133 و 68/139 سانتی‌متر مربع) به ترتیب مربوط به تیمار شاهد و سایبان رنگ سفید بود. سایبان با رنگ قرمز بیشترین تعداد گره (77/22) و با سایه‌دهی 50 درصد بیشترین میزان کلروفیل کل (47/30 میلی‌گرم به گرم وزن تر)، وزن خوشه (67/691 گرم) و ویتامین ث (10/4 میلی‌گرم در 100 میلی‌لیتر آب میوه) را نشان داد. رنگ سفید سایبان باعث بیشترین میزان دمای برگ (17/29 درجه سانتی‌گراد) و شدت نور (67/583 وات بر متر مربع) گردید. در مجموع سایه‌‌دهی باعث کاهش دمای برگ انگور گردید و افزایش درصد سایه بر میزان شدت نور اثر کاهشی داشت. رنگ سفید سایبان نسبت به سایر رنگ‌ها بر شاخص طعم اثر افزایشی و رنگ سبز اثر کاهشی داشت. تاک‌های بدون پوشش (شاهد) دارای بیشترین میزان مواد جامد محلول بودند، درصورتی که سایبان رنگ سبز با سایه‌دهی 50 درصد دارای کمترین میزان مواد جامد محلول بود. بر اساس نتایج این پژوهش سایبان رنگ‌ قرمز در کمیت و کیفیت انگور ’ریش‌بابا‘ نقش افزایشی داشت، سایبان رنگ سبز موجب رشد رویشی گردید و افزایش‌­ ‌رشد‌ رویشی با درصد سایه اثر مستقیم داشت. با هدف کاهش تنش­های محیطی به همراه افزایش کیفیت محصول انگور ’ریش­بابا‘ پوشش رنگ قرمز با سایه­دهی 50 درصد پیشنهاد می­گردد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Response of some Vegetative, Qualitative and Quantitative Traits of Grape Vine (Vitis vinifera L. Cv. Rishbaba) to Type of Color and Percentage of Shading in Netting System

نویسندگان [English]

  • L. Jafari Burki 1
  • B. Kavoosi 2
  • H. Zare 3
1 Departement of Horticulture Science, Shiraz Branch. Islamic Azad University, Shiraz, Iran.
2 Horticulture Crops Research Department, Fars Agricultural Research and Natural Resource and education Center, AREEO, Shiraz, Iran
3 Horticulture Crops Research Department, Fars Agricultural Research and Natural Resource and education Center, AREEO, Shiraz, Iran
چکیده [English]

Introduction
 Table grape is one of the most important horticultural crops in Fars province however in recent years climate change has caused negative effects on phenology and reduced the quantity and quality of its product. Around the world, shade net is used for a different of crops, from fruits and vegetables to nursery plants to protect against strong sunlight, wind, hail and bird injury. Shade net  are commonly used in vineyards for early, late harvest, protection from hail, snow, storms, and the prevention of the negative effects of pests and diseases in many countries such as Japan, Thailand, Australia, Chile, the United States and Turkey. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of color type and shading percentage on some characteristics of grapes of Rishbaba cultivar in one of the vineyards of Kavar city in 2019. 
Materials and Methods
 The experiment was performed as a factorial experiment based on randomized complete block design with 3 replications with canopy color factors (green, red and white) and shading percentage (30% and 50%) and without canopy (control). Kavar city is located 45 km southeast of the center of the province and has a longitude of 250 and 42  and a latitude of 290 and 11 ". The altitude is 1510 meters above sea level and the average rainfall is 290 mm, the average annual temperature is 22, the maximum temperature is 44 and the minimum temperature is minus 4 degrees Celsius. In this study, some characteristics of vegetative and biochemical traits such as shoot length, number of nodes, internode distance, leaf area and chlorophyll, some environmental indicators (leaf temperature, light intensity and some characteristics of quantitative traits berry and cluster weight and some qualitative traits Similar soluble solids, taste index and vitamin C were examined.
 Results and Discussion
 The results showed that green cover with 50% shading had the highest vegetative growth in terms of shoot length (20.87 cm), internode distance (3.80 cm) and leaf area (188.33 cm2) and the lowest shoot length (42 cm) and (48.25 cm2), internode distance (2.97 and 2.58 cm) and leaf area (133.07 and 139.68 cm2) were related to control and white canopy treatments, respectively. Shade net with red color has the highest number of nods (22.77) and with 50% shading the highest amount of total chlorophyll (30.47 mg / g fresh weight), cluster weight (691.67 g) and vitamin C (4.10 mg per 100 ml juice). The white color of the shade caused the highest leaf temperature (29.17 ° C) and light intensity (538.67 watts per square meter). In general, shading reduced the temperature of grape leaves and increasing the percentage of shade had a decreasing effect on light intensity. The shade net also reduces the amount of sunlight reaching the trees and lowers the level of evapotranspiration, which reduces the symptoms of plant water stress and thus increases photosynthesis, plant yield and fruit size.
Conclusion
 Among the different net colors, the highest leaf temperature (29.17 ° C) was related to white color and the lowest (26.92 °C) was related to red and green colors. Among the different colors of the nets, white color had the highest intensity of light (538.67 watts per square meter) and the lowest intensity of light (540.67 watts per square meter) related to green color. The white color of the shade net had an increasing effect on the taste index and the green color had a decreasing effect compared to other colors. Uncoated vines (control) had the highest amount of soluble solids, while green cover with 50% shading had the lowest amount of soluble solids. According to the results of this study, the red canopy had an increasing role in increasing the quantity and quality of bearded grapes, the green canopy caused vegetative growth and the increase in vegetative growth with the percentage of shade had a direct effect. The shade net protected the vines and the crop from sunlight and prevented sunburn. The green canopy with 50% shading had the most positive effect. All treatments had a positive effect on the vegetative growth of vines and among them, green canopy with 50% shading had the greatest effect. All treatments had a positive effect on crop uniformity in terms of size and color and red canopy with 50% shading had the most positive effect on quantity and quality of Rishbaba grapes compared to other treatments.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Climate change
  • Leaf temperature
  • Shoot length
  • TSS
  • Vineyard

مراجع

  • Amarante, C.V.T., Steffens, C.A., & Argenta, L.C. (2010). Radiation, yield, and fruit quality of'Gala'apples grown under white hail protection nets. P. 1067-1074. In XXVIII International Horticultural Congress on Science and Horticulture for People (IHC2010): International Symposium on 934: International Symposium on Postharvest Technology in the Global Market.
  • Basile, B., Giaccone, M., Cirillo, C., Ritieni, A., Graziani, G., Shahak, Y., & Forlani, M. (2012). Photo-selective hail nets affect fruit size and quality in Hayward kiwifruit. Scientia Horticulturae 141: 91-97. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2012.04.022.
  • Bor, J.Y., Chen, H.Y., & Yen, G.C. (2006). Evaluation of antioxidant activity and inhibitory effect on nitric oxide production of some common vegetables. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 54(5): 1680-1686. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf0527448 PMID: 16506819.
  • Cuevas, E., Baeza, P., & Lissarrague, J.R. (2006). Variation in stomatal behaviour and gas exchange between mid-morning and mid-afternoon of north–south oriented grapevines (Vitis vinifera cv. Tempranillo) at different levels of soil water availability. Scientia Horticulturae 108(2): 173-180. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2006.01.027.
  • Einset, J., & Dratt, C. (1975). Grape. In: Janick, J., and Moore, J. N.(eds), Advances in Fruit Breeding, Purdu University Oress, West Lafyette, Ind. 130-153.
  • FAOSTAT [WWW Document]. (2018). URL http://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#home
  • Fars agricultural jihad organization. (2019). Statistics of Fars province jihad agricultural organization in 2019. Statistics and information office of jihad agriculture organization. (In Persian)
  • Folta, K.M., & Carvalho, S.D. (2015). Photoreceptors and control of horticultural plant traits. HortScience 50(9): 1274-1280. https://doi.org/10.21273/HORTSCI.50.9.1274.
  • Gussakovsky, E.E., Cohen, Y., Lurie, S., Stern, R., Kfir, S., Naor, A., & Shahak, Y. 2002. ColorNets: a new approach for light manipulation in fruit trees. In XXVI International Horticultural Congress: Key Processes in the Growth and Cropping of Deciduous Fruit and Nut Trees 636: 609-616.
  • Hiscox, J.D., & Israelstam, G.F. (1979). A method for the extraction of chlorophyll from leaf tissue without maceration. Can. J. Bot. 57: 1332-1334. Pollution 131: 453-459.
  • Hohen, E., Gasser Gugyenbuhl, F., & Kunsch, B. (2003). Efficacy of instrumental measurements for determination of minimum requirements for firmness, varieties in comparison to consumer expectations, Postharvest Biology and Technology 7: 27-37. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0925-5214(02)00190-.
  • Ilić, Z.S., Milenković, L., Šunić, L., & Manojlović, M. (2018). Color shade nets improve vegetables quality at harvest and maintain quality during storage. Contemporary Agriculture 67(1): 9-19. https://doi.org/10.2478/contagri-2018-0002.
  • Jokar, A., Zare, H., Zakerin, A., & Aboutalebi Jahromi, A. (2021). Effects of shade net colors on mineral elements and postharvest shelf life and quality of fresh fig (Ficus carica) under rain-fed condition. Horticulturae 7(5): 93. https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae7050093.
  • Jokar, A., Zare, H., Zakerin, A., & Jahromi, A.A. (2021). The influence of photo-selective netting on tree physiology and fruit quality of fig (Ficus carica) under rain-fed conditions. International Journal of Fruit Science 21(1): 896-910. https://doi.org/10.1080/15538362.2021.1936345.
  • Kavoosi, B. (2019). Application of protective nettiings in the production of horticultural products. Ministry of Jihad Agriculture, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization. First Edition: 2019. (In Persian)
  • Kavoosi, B., & Hasanpour, B. (2018). Effects of topping date and preharvest irrigation cut-off on some qualitative and quanitative characteristics of table grapes (Vitis Vinifera) Cv. Askari. Journal of Plant Productions (Scientific Journal of Agriculture) 41(1). (In Persian with English abstract)
  • Sen, F, Oksar, R.E., & Kesgin, M. (2016). Effects of shading and covering on ‘Sultana Seedless’ grape quality and storability. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology 18: 245-254.
  • Kliewer, W.M., & Schultz, H.B. (1964). Influence of environment on metabolism of organic acids and carbohydrates in Vitis vinifera. II. Light. American Journal of Enology and Viticulture 15(3): 119-129.
  • Koyama, K., Ikeda, H., Poudel, P.R., & Goto-Yamamoto, N. (2012). Light quality affects flavonoid biosynthesis in young berries of Cabernet Sauvignon grape. Phytochemistry 78: 54-64. https://doi.org/1016/j.phytochem.2012.02.026.
  • Lee, S.K., & Kader, A.A. (2000). Preharvest and postharvest factors influencing vitamin C content of horticultural crops. Postharvest Biology and Technology 20(3): 207-220. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0925-5214(00)00133-2.
  • Ma, G., Zhang, L., Setiawan, C.K., Yamawaki, K., Asai, T., Nishikawa, F., & Kato, M. (2014). Effect of red and blue LED light irradiation on ascorbate content and expression of genes related to ascorbate metabolism in postharvest broccoli. Postharvest Biology and Technology 94: 97-103. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.postharvbio.2014.03.010.
  • Matus, J.T., Loyola, R., Vega, A., Peña-Neira, A., Bordeu, E., Arce-Johnson, P., & Alcalde, J.A. (2009). Post-veraison sunlight exposure induces MYB-mediated transcriptional regulation of anthocyanin and flavonol synthesis in berry skins of Vitis vinifera. Journal of Experimental Botany 60(3): 853-867. https://doi.org/10.1093/jxb/ern336.
  • Mupambi, G., Anthony, B.M., Layne, D.R., Musacchi, S., Serra, S., Schmidt, T., & Kalcsits, L.A. (2018). The influence of protective netting on tree physiology and fruit quality of apple: A review. Scientia Horticulturae 236: 60-72. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2018.03.014.
  • Ombódi, A., Pék, Z., Szuvandzsiev, P., Lugasi, A., Ledóné Darázsi, H., & Helyes, L. (2016). Effect of coloured shade nets on some nutritional characteristics of a kapia type pepper grown in plastic tunnel. Columella: Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences 3(2): 25-33. https://doi.org/10.18380/SZIE.COLUM.2016.3.2.25.
  • Rajapakse, N.C., & Shahak, Y. (2007). Light-quality manipulation by horticulture industry. In: Whitelam, G.C., Halliday, K.J. (Eds.), Annual Plant Reviews Volume
  • Reynolds, A.G. (Ed.2). (2021). Managing wine quality: viticulture and wine quality. Elsevier.
  • Ristic, R., Downey, M.O., Iland, P.G., Bindon, K., Francis, I.L., Herderich, M., & Robinson, S.P. (2007). Exclusion of sunlight from Shiraz grapes alters wine colour, tannin and sensory properties. Australian Journal of Grape and Wine Research 13(2): 53-65. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1755-0238.2007.tb00235.x.
  • Roussos, P.A., Sefferoun, V., Denaxa, N.K., Tasanitli, E., & Stathis, V. (2011). Apricot (Pruns armenicace) fruit quality attributes and phytochemical under different crop load. Scientia Horticulturae 129: 472-478. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2011.04.021.
  • Serat, B., & Kulkarni, S.S. (2013). Effect of shade net on yield and quality of grapes cv. Thompson seedless. Department of Horticulture; Mahatma Phule Krishi Vidyapeeth, Rahuri - 413722 India
  • Shahak, Y., Gussakovsky, E.E., Cohen, Y., Lurie, S., Stern, R., Kfir, S., & Greenblat-Avron, Y. (2004). ColorNets: a new approach for light manipulation in fruit trees. Acta Horticulture 636: 609–616. https://doi.org/17660/ActaHortic.2004.636.76.
  • Shnmugavelu, K.G. (2003). Grape Cultivation and Processing. Agrobios Publication, India.
  • Sivakumar, D., & Jifon, J. (2018). Influence of photoselective shade nettings on postharvest quality of vegetables. In: Siddiqui, M.W. (Ed.), Preharvest Modulation of Postharvest Fruit and Vegetable Quality.
  • Tafzoli, E., Hekmati, J., & Firoozeh, F. (1991). Grapes. Shiraz University Publishing Center. 2-50. (In Persian).
  • Tinyane, P.P., Sivakumar, D., & Soundy, P. (2013). Influence of photo-selective netting on fruit quality parameters and bioactive compounds in selected tomato cultivars. Scientia Horticulturae 161: 340-349.
  • Treder, W., Mika, A., Buler, Z., & Klamkowski, K. (2016). Effects of hail nets on orchard light microclimate, apple tree growth, fruiting and fruit quality. Acta Scientiarum Polonorum-Hortorum Cultus 15(3): 17-27.
  • Vinod, G. (2015). Effect of different colour and intensity of shade net on growth, yield and quality of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.,) Var. Arka Rakshak (Doctoral dissertation, University of Agricultural Sciences Gkvk, Bengaluru).
  • Zare, H. (2019). Effect of net covering on some vegetative, physiological, quantitative and qualitative characteristics of rainfed fig (Ficus carica cv. Sabz). Iranian Journal of Horticultural Science and Technology 20(4): 423–434. (In Persian with English abstract). https://doi.org/20.1001.1.16807154.1398.20.4.9.2.

 

 

ارسال نظر در مورد این مقاله
CAPTCHA Image

فایل ها

سابقه مقاله

  • تاریخ دریافت: 17 آبان 1400
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 22 آبان 1400
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 20 آذر 1400
  • تاریخ اولین انتشار: 21 آذر 1400

هم رسانی

ارجاع به این مقاله

آمار