تأثیر پلیمر‎های سوپرجاذب بر برخی از خصوصیات مورفولوژیکی ارقام باغملک و دزفول زیتون تحت شرایط کم آبی

نوع مقاله : مقالات پژوهشی

نویسندگان

• اسماعیل خالقی ¹
• نوراله معلمی ²

¹ گروه علوم باغبانی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز، اهواز، ایران.

² دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز

https://doi.org/10.22067/jhorts4.v31i4.57244

چکیده

پژوهشی به منظور بررسی اثر پنج سطح مختلف پلیمر سوپرجاذب آ- 200 (0 ، 1 ،2 ، 3 ، 4 گرم پلیمر به ازاء هر کیلوگرم خاک( و سه سطح آبیاری ]100 درصد به عنوان شاهد، 65 درصد و 30 درصد تبخیر و تعرق گیاه (ETcrop)[ و دو رقم زیتون (باغملک و دزفول) بر روی شاخص‎های مورفولوژیکی به صورت آزمایش فاکتوریل در قالب طرح پایه بلوک‎های کامل تصادفی در سه تکرار در گلخانه دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز به اجراء در آمد. نتایج آنالیز واریانس نشان داد که اثر متقابل آبیاری × پلیمر بر شاخص‎های وزن تر بخش هوایی، وزن تر برگ، وزن خشک بخش هوایی، وزن خشک برگ، ارتفاع گیاه و نسبت سطح برگ در سطح 1 درصد و بر سطح برگ در سطح 5 درصد مؤثر بود در حالی‌که اثر متقابل آبیاری × رقم فقط بر تعداد برگ در سطح 1 درصد مؤثر بود. همچنین اثر پلیمر × رقم بر سطح برگ و نسبت سطح برگ در سطح 5 درصد و بر ارتفاع گیاه در سطح 1 درصد مؤثر بود. اثر متقابل بین تیمارهای آبیاری × پلیمر × رقم بر وزن تر ریشه در سطح 5 درصد و بر ارتفاع گیاه در سطح 1 درصد مؤثر بود. نتایج مقایسه میانگین اثر متقابل آبیاری × پلیمر نشان داد که کمترین مقدار وزن تر بخش هوایی (72/19 گرم)، وزن خشک بخش هوایی (94/12 گرم)، وزن تر و خشک برگ (6/15 و 12/10 گرم)، سطح برگ (55/210 سانتی‎متر مربع) و نسبت سطح برگ (02/6) در گیاهان تیمار نشده با پلیمر و آبیاری شده با ETcrop 30 درصد گزارش شد. همچنین نتایج مقایسه میانگین اثر متقابل آبیاری × رقم نشان داد که بیشترین تعداد برگ در رقم باغملک با آبیاری نرمال (465) و کمترین تعداد برگ مربوط به رقم دزفول با آبیاری ETcrop 30 درصد (13/328) بدست آمد. اثر متقابل آبیاری × پلیمر سوپرجاذب × رقم فقط بر وزن تر و خشک ریشه و ارتفاع گیاه مؤثر بود به طوری‌که در هر دو رقم با کاهش میزان آب از مقادیر وزن تر و خشک ریشه و ارتفاع گیاه کاسته شده اما این میزان کاهش با اضافه شدن سطح بالاتری از پلیمر به خاک از مقدار کمتری در هر سطح آبیاری برخوردار بود. در رقم باغملک با کاهش 70 درصدی آب و افزایش 4 برابری پلیمر نسبت به حالت شاهد (آبیاری کامل، عدم پلیمر) مقدار کاهش در وزن تر و خشک ریشه و ارتفاع گیاه به ترتیب 36، 7/49 و 27 درصد و در رقم دزفول به ترتیب 21/23، 21/56 و 36 درصد گزارش گردید. با توجه به نتایج می‌توان انتظار داشت که در مناطقی که با تنش خشکی و کمبود بارندگی مواجهه هستند از پلیمرهای سوپرجاذب به منظور تعدیل تنش خشکی استفاده نمود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

• تبخیر و تعرق
• تنش
• خصوصیات رشدی

20.1001.1.20084730.1396.31.4.12.0

عنوان مقاله [English]

Effect of Superabsorbent Polymers on Some Morphological Characteristics of Olive Cultivars ‘Baghmalek’ and ‘Dezphol’ Under Water Deficit

نویسندگان [English]

• Esmaeil Khaleghi ¹
• Norollah Moallemi ²

¹ Department of Horticultural Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran

² Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz

چکیده [English]

Introduction: Iran is located in arid and semi-arid regions, so limitation of precipitation and poor distribution of rainfall with prolonged periods of heat and drought have caused harsh conditions for establishing plants. In general, previous researches have shown that water deficit or drought stress had destructive effects on morphological, physiological and biochemical parameters of plants. So that, researchers stated that the first reaction of plants to water stress was decline in growth. Growth parameters such as height, fresh and dry weight of root and stem and leaf area could decrease with increasing water stress. Therefore, use of methods for reducing water evaporation from soil, decreasing run-off and improving transport nutrients were considered in recent years. Superabsorbant polymers are one of the most important compounds in reducing negative effects of drought on plants.
Materials and Methods: This study was conducted to investigate the effect of five different levels of super AB A200 polymer (0, 1, 2, 3, 4 g/Kg of soil) and three levels of irrigation [100 as control, 65 and 30 percentage of plant evapotranspiration potential (ETcrop)] on morphological characteristics of two olive cultivars ‘Baghmaleki’ and ‘Dezphol’ as a factorial experiment based on randomized complete block design with three replications. In this experiment, ninety 18-month-old olive trees of ‘Baghmaleki’ and ‘Dezphol’ were kept for adaptation in greenhouse for one month.The plants were planted in ninety pots including 1/3 sand, 1/3 manure and 1/3 soil with superabsorbent polymer. Superabsorbent polymers (super AB A200) were prepared from Company Rahab Resin (Licensed by Iran Polymer and Petrochemical Institute). Then, the plants were irrigated with 100%, 65% and 30% ETcrop, every three days. Finally, morphological parameters such as root fresh weight, root dry weight, shoot fresh weight, shoot dry weight, height, leaf number, leaf Area and leaf area ratio were measured. Data analysis was performed using MSTATC software and mean comparison was done by Duncan's multiple range tests at 5 and 1% probability.
Results and Discussion: The results showed that interaction effect between irrigation and polymer affected shoot fresh weight, leaf fresh weight, shoot dry weight, leaf dry weight, height and leaf area ratio at p

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

• Evatranspiration
• morphological traits
• Water stress

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