بررسی اثر غلظت‌های مختلف محیط‌کشت موراشیک و اسکوگ (MS) و ساکارز در تولید ریزغده سیب‌زمینی (Solanum tuberosum L.) در شرایط درون شیشه‌ای

نوع مقاله : مقالات پژوهشی

نویسندگان

• فهیمه یارمحمدی ¹
• علیرضا مطلبی آذر ²
• سمانه کاظمیانی ²
• مینا امانی ²

¹ مرکز جهاد کشاورزی بسطام، استان سمنان، شاهرود، ایران

² گروه علوم باغبانی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه تبریز، تبریز، ایران

https://doi.org/10.22067/jhs.2024.87157.1330

چکیده

هدف از این پژوهش، بررسی افزایش سرعت ریزغده­زایی و بهبود صفات ریزغده­زایی، تعیین بهترین غلظت ساکارز (80 و 160 ­گرم در لیتر)، نمک­های عناصر پرمصرف (2 Mac, Mac, ½ Mac) و کم­مصرف (2Mic, Mic, ½ Mic) و غلظت­های مختلف محیط کشت MS برای بهبود سرعت و کمیت ریزغده­زایی در سیب­زمینی (Solanum tuberosum L.) رقم ̓آگریا̒ اجرا شد. از جوانه­های جانبی حاصل از شاخساره­های درون شیشه­ای به­عنوان ریزنمونه استفاده شد و تحت شرایط استریل روی محیط­های کشت مختلف به­منظور ریزغده­زایی کشت شدند و کشت­ها در تاریکی مداوم و دمای 2±18 درجه سانتی­گراد در اتاق رشد نگهداری شدند. در طی یک ماه سرعت آغازش ریزغده و پس از گذشت دو ماه صفات ریزغده­زایی اندازه­گیری شد. نتایج تجزیه واریانس نشان داد که اثر غلظت عناصر کم­مصرف­ و اثرات متقابل عناصر کم­مصرف با غلظت­های مختلف ساکارز و عناصر پرمصرف فقط در مورد دو صفت درصد و سرعت آغازش ریزغده معنی­دار بوده، درحالی­که تمامی صفات ریزغده­زایی از اثر متقابل عناصر کم­مصرف × پرمصرف به­طور معنی­داری متأثر شدند. در تمامی محیط­های کشت دارای 80 گرم در لیتر ساکارز، درصد آغازش ریزغده­ها 100 درصد و سرعت آغازش نیز حداکثر بود. بااین‌حال، بالاترین درصد تشکیل ریزغده، وزن، طول، قطر و تعداد جوانه روی ریزغده، در محیط­کشت 2Mac دارای 160 گرم در لیتر ساکارز به­دست آمد. نتایج نشان داد که ریزغده­هایی که وزن و اندازه بیشتری داشتند، از درصد رکود بیشتری برخوردار بودند و جوانه­های روی ریزغده­ها طی مراحل ریزغده­زایی، قادر به جوانه­زنی و تولید ریزغده نبودند. در همه محیط­های کشت استفاده شده همراه با 80 گرم در لیتر ساکارز، درصد آغازش ریزغده­ها 100 درصد و سرعت آغازش غده بیشتر بود، ولی زمانی­که از دوبرابر غلظت عناصر پرمصرف و 160 گرم در لیتر ساکارز استفاده شد، درصد آغازش و سرعت آغازش ریزغده کاهش یافت. در این تحقیق مشخص شد که ریزغده­های تولیدی با وزن و اندازه بیشتر، از درصد رکود بیشتری برخوردار بودند و طی مراحل ریزغده­زایی، جوانه­های روی ریزغده­ها قادر به جوانه­زنی و تولید ریزغده نبودند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

• رقم آگریا̒
• ریزغده‌زایی
• عناصر پرمصرف
• عناصر کم‌مصرف
• کشت‌بافت

موضوعات

• سبزیکاری

عنوان مقاله [English]

Investigating the Effect of Different Concentrations of Murashige and Skoog (MS) Medium and Sucrose on the Production of Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) Microtubers in vitro

نویسندگان [English]

• F. Yarmohammadi ¹
• A. Motallebi-Azar ²
• S. Kazemiani ²
• Mina Amani ²

¹ Bastam Agricultural Jihad Center, Semnan Province, Shahrood, Iran

² Department of Horticultural Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran

چکیده [English]

Introduction
Considering the sensitivity of potatoes (Solanum tuberosum L.) to viruses, the production of virus-free plants through in vitro cultivation and their propagation leads to a reduction in costs and an increase in yield. One of the effective methods of reducing plant diseases and producing disease-free microtubers is the use of in-vitro production methods. Considering the role and importance of macro elements and micro elements in the growth of microtubers, it is possible to change the composition of MS culture medium by changing the concentration of salts of macro elements and micro elements without disturbing the balance of elements. This experiment aims to investigate the effect of different concentrations of macro elements (2 Mac, Mac, ½ Mac) and micro elements (2 Mic, Mic, ½ Mic) of MS culture medium in combination with two concentrations of sucrose (80 and 160 g.l^-1) was performed on in vitro micronodulation of Agria potato.
 
Materials and Methods
This experiment aimed to investigate the effects of different concentrations of macroelements (2 Mac, Mac, ½ Mac) and microelements (2 Mic, Mic, ½ Mic) in the MS culture medium, combined with two sucrose concentrations (80 and 160 g.l^-1), on in vitro microtuberization of Agria potato. The study was conducted as a factorial experiment in a completely randomized design with three replications in the plant tissue culture laboratory of the Department of Horticultural Sciences at the Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz. Lateral buds obtained from in-vitro shoots were used as explants and were cultured under sterile conditions on different culture mediums for the purpose of microtuberation, and the cultures were kept in continuous darkness and at a temperature of 18±2°C were kept in the growth room. During one month, Microtuber initiation rate and after two months, microtuber formation characteristics were measured.
 
Results and Discussion
The results of the analysis of variance showed that the effect of the concentration of micro elements and the interaction effects of micro elements with different concentrations of sucrose and macro elements were significant only in the case of two traits, the percentage and the speed of microtuber initiation, while all microtuber traits productivity was significantly affected by the interaction of micro elements and macro elements. In all culture mediums with 8% sucrose, the initiation percentage of microtubers was 100% and the initiation rate was also maximum. However, the highest percentage of microtuber formation, weight, length, diameter and number of buds on microtuber was obtained in 2Mac culture medium with 16% sucrose. The results showed that the microtuber that had more weight and size had a higher percentage of dormancy and the buds on the microtuber were not able to germinate and produce microtuber during the stages of microtuber formation.
 
Conclusions
For all traits related to microtubers, except for the percentage and speed of microtuber initiation, the effects of microelements, macroelements, and sucrose were not significant. This indicates that the three factors investigated do not independently enhance microtuber formation in the Agria variety. Regarding micronodulation traits, the interaction effect of low-consumption elements with the other two factors was also not significant, suggesting that the concentration of low-consumption elements is not critical for micronodulation in the Agria variety. In all culture media with 8% sucrose, the initiation percentage of microtubers reached 100%, and the initiation speed was at its maximum. However, when the concentration of macroelements was doubled and 16% sucrose was used, both the initiation percentage and speed of microgland formation in the Agria variety showed a significant decrease. The percentage of microtuber formation, weight, length, diameter and number of buds on the microtuber in Agria cultivar were significantly affected by the mutual effect of the concentration of macro elements and sucrose, and the 2 Mac culture medium has 16% sucrose in the first priority and the ½ culture medium Mac with 8 % sucrose in the second priority was better than the other treatments in terms of the investigated traits. In this research, it was found that the produced microglands with greater weight and size had a higher percentage of dormancy and during the stages of microglandogenesis, the buds on the microtubers were not able to germinate and produce microtubers.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

• Agria variety
• Macro elements
• Micro elements
• Microtuber formation
• Tissue culture

©2024 The author(s). This is an open access article distributed under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0).

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