Research Article
Masoomeh Abbasy; Abdolrasul Zakerin; Mokhtar Heidari
Abstract
Abstract
Mango is one of the most important tropical fruits in Iran and salinity is an important problem to mango production in ‘Hormozgan’ province and other mango growing areas in Iran. At present experiment the effects of saline irrigation water of different sodium chloride concentration on vegetative ...
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Abstract
Mango is one of the most important tropical fruits in Iran and salinity is an important problem to mango production in ‘Hormozgan’ province and other mango growing areas in Iran. At present experiment the effects of saline irrigation water of different sodium chloride concentration on vegetative growth and ion content of mango was evaluated. Treatments comprised two type of cultivars (‘Sendry’ and ‘Charak’) and four water irrigation salinity regimes (1.5, 3.0, 4.5 or 6.0 ds/m). Results showed that salinity significantly decreased shoot and root dry weight, water content and increased root/ shoot dry weight ratio. Salinity significantly increased the sodium and chloride ions in shoot or roots and decreased the potassium content in roots. Also, salinity decreased the potassium/ sodium ratio in roots and shoots. The results demonstrated that ‘Sendry’ cultivar was slightly more tolerant to salinity than ‘Charak’.
Keywords: Mango(Mangifera indica L.), Salinity, Vegetative growth, Ion
Research Article
Seyyed Hosein Nemati; Ali Akbar Esmaili; Gholamhossein Davarynejad; Mohammad Farsi
Abstract
Abstract
The quantative and qualitative yield comparison of three cucumber F1 cultivars including' Sina, Amyral, and Negin was evaluated using 3×3×3 factorial experimental design with six replication. Three types of pruning treatments were applied; cutting down all branches on main stem (b1), leaving ...
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Abstract
The quantative and qualitative yield comparison of three cucumber F1 cultivars including' Sina, Amyral, and Negin was evaluated using 3×3×3 factorial experimental design with six replication. Three types of pruning treatments were applied; cutting down all branches on main stem (b1), leaving one node and the leaf next to it on all branches (b2), leaving two node and the leaf next to them on all branches (b3) and three plant spacing levels (a1: 1.8 plant / m², a2: 2.1 plant / m², a3: 2.4 plant / m²) were studied. The effect of different pruning treatment on yield related traits was highly significant. The average yield with different plant density showed highly significant differences. The interactive effect of pruning and cultivars on yield related traits was also significant. The highest yield per m² and production per plant were found in third pruning treatment (leaving two nodes and the leaf next to them on all branches) with 16.2 kg/m² and 7.75 kg /pl., respectively. On the other hand, spacing of 2.4 plant /m² was the highest yield of 15.6 kg/m². The effect of cultivar on all studied traits in this experiment was significant differences except for number of diformed fruits per plant. The resalt showed that negin cultivar produced the highest yield per m² and production per plant with 15.2 kg/m² and 7.27 kg/pl. respectively. The number of diformed fruits was higher on lateral branches than those on main stems. The fruit on main stems were also found heavier than those on lateral branches.
Keywords: Greenhouse cucumber, Pruning, Plant spacing, Cultivar, Yield
Research Article
Mojtaba Delshad; Roghayeh Alfatahi; Toktam Sadat Taghavi; Masud Parsinejad
Abstract
Abstract
Low water holding capacity of soilless substrates increases water stress and waste of nutrient solution. Irrigation time management can reduce such problems. In this research, responses of hydroponically cultured greenhouse strawberries were evaluated under different irrigation schedules. In ...
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Abstract
Low water holding capacity of soilless substrates increases water stress and waste of nutrient solution. Irrigation time management can reduce such problems. In this research, responses of hydroponically cultured greenhouse strawberries were evaluated under different irrigation schedules. In first step, plant daily water need was estimated and then delivered to plants through two methods: One time irrigation (total amount delivered to plants at early morning) and multiple irrigation in which the amount of nutrient solution divided in to 4 parts and delivered to plants during day. Result showed that graduate irrigation could improve medium moisture status, reduce stomatal resistance, improve leaf water potential and finally increase yield and plant water use efficiency.
Keywords: Irrigation, Stomatal resistance, Leaf water potential, Strawberry yield
Research Article
Rooholla Moradi; Mahdi Nasiri Mahalati; Parviz Rezvani Moghaddam; Amir Lakzian; Azizollah Nezhadali
Abstract
Abstract
In order to evaluate the effects of different organic and biological fertilizers on quantity and quality of essential oil of Fennel an experiment was conducted in a completely randomized block design with three replications. The experimental treatments were two organic (compost and vermicompost) ...
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Abstract
In order to evaluate the effects of different organic and biological fertilizers on quantity and quality of essential oil of Fennel an experiment was conducted in a completely randomized block design with three replications. The experimental treatments were two organic (compost and vermicompost) and two biological (Pseudomonas putida and Azotobacter chroococcum ) fertilizers, their all twin combinations (Ps. putida + A. chroococcum, Ps. putida + compost, Ps. putida + vermicompost, A. chroococcum + compost, A. chroococcum + vermicompost and compost + vermicompost) and control (without any fertilizer). There were significant differences between different treatments in terms of seed essential oil percentage, essential oil yield; anethole, fenchone, limonene and estragole content in seed essential oil. Results showed that the highest and lowest percentage of essential oil contents were obtained in control (% 2.9) and A. chroococcum + vermicompost (% 2.2) treatments, receptivity. The highest essential oil yield (29.9 l/ha) and anethole content of essential oil (69.7%) and the lowest fenchone (6.14%), limonene (4.84%) and estragole (2.78%) contents of essential oil were obtained in compost + vermicompost treatment. Essential oil yield and percentage of anethole content in essential oil were significantly higher in all organic and biological treatments compare with control. The highest of fenchone, limonene and estragole essential oil content were obtained in control treatment.
Keywords: Foeniculum vulgare, Pseudomonas putida, Azotobacter chroococcum, Compost, Vermicompost, Anethole, Fenchone, Limonene estragole
Research Article
Iman Roohollahi; Mohsen Kafi
Abstract
Abstract
Little information is available concerning morphological responses of Lolium perenne cultivars (Numan and Speedy green) to salinity and trinexapac-ethyl treatment in initial growth. In order to evaluate the effect of salinity treatment (0, 2000, 4000 and 6000 mg/lit) and trinexapac-ethyl levels ...
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Abstract
Little information is available concerning morphological responses of Lolium perenne cultivars (Numan and Speedy green) to salinity and trinexapac-ethyl treatment in initial growth. In order to evaluate the effect of salinity treatment (0, 2000, 4000 and 6000 mg/lit) and trinexapac-ethyl levels (0, 50, 100 gr/ha) on morphological responses of 'Numan' and 'Speedy green' in initial growth stage, an experiment was conducted in a factorial experiment based on completely randomized design with three replications. Sodium chloride levels significantly affected shoot and root length, but no significant trinexapac-ethyl treatment was found in initial growth of Lolium perenne cultivars. Trinexapac-ethyl and salinity treatment has no intraction effect in initial growth of this two cultivars. Lolium perenne performance was not affected by trinexapac-ethyl in all concentration in initial growth of this experiment when irrigated by salinity water.
Keywords: Lolium perenne, Cultivar, Salinity Stress, Trinexapac-ethyl
Research Article
Safiye Vatandoost Jartoodeh; Gholamhossein Davarynejad; Ali Tehranifar; Hamed Kaveh
Abstract
Abstract
An investigation was accomplished during 2007 and 2008 to test effect of hormonal treatment and cutting position on rooting of Sebri , Shekari and Natanz Cultivars of Pear (Pyrus pyrifolia.) The experimental design was a two way factorial in a completely randomized method and with PGR5 treatment ...
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Abstract
An investigation was accomplished during 2007 and 2008 to test effect of hormonal treatment and cutting position on rooting of Sebri , Shekari and Natanz Cultivars of Pear (Pyrus pyrifolia.) The experimental design was a two way factorial in a completely randomized method and with PGR5 treatment (IBA and IBA with NAA in four levels in the first year and four higher levels of IBA in second year) and Position of cuttings on stem ( in Two levels : terminal and basal ) in three cultivars with six replications per treatment. Analysis of data in the first year of experiment shown that the concentration of 3 ppm IBA was statistically increased rooting percentage and root length in both terminal and basal cuttings of Natanz cultivar. It also increased root number per cutting only in terminal cuttings of Natanz cultivar. Hormonal treatments did not shown any significantly callusing and rooting of Sebri and Shekari cuttings. Also observation of experiment in second year denote that basal cuttings of Sebri cultivar only in 500 mg/l IBA had a callus production of 40 %. Analysis of data for this year revealed that treatment of 100 mg/l IBA induce 75 % of rooting in Natanz cultivar and had the most value in both root number and root length.
Keywords: Own-root, IBA, Sebri , Shekari, Natanz, Cutting
Research Article
Kamal Payghamzadeh; Seyyed Kamal Kazemitabar; Amir Mohtasham Amiri
Abstract
Abstract
In this experiment the effects of two type of medium cultures, gibberellic acid and dark/cold and light/warm culture conditions on mature embryos germination of a local cultivar of walnut were investigated. The mature fruits were collected at 22 weeks postanthesis and after disinfection the ...
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Abstract
In this experiment the effects of two type of medium cultures, gibberellic acid and dark/cold and light/warm culture conditions on mature embryos germination of a local cultivar of walnut were investigated. The mature fruits were collected at 22 weeks postanthesis and after disinfection the mature embryo along with cotyledon pieces were excised and then were cultured on MT and modified DKW medium cultures supplemented with different concentration of gibberellic acid. Then, cultures were transferred on different culture conditions such as dark/cold (4±20C) and light/warm (25±20C with 16.5 h photoperiod) culture conditions. Significant differences were observed between different medium cultures, gibberellic acid and physical factors. Percentage of embryo germination and main shoot length was higher in modified DKW medium, dark/cold culture condition and 2 mgL-1 gibberellic acid than other treatments. The MT medium and dark/cold culture condition was very efficient for root proliferation than modified DKW medium and light/warm culture condition. In this experiment gibberellic acid have a negative effect on root growth, wherein main root length in 0 mgL-1 gibberellic acid was more than 2 mgL-1 gibberellic acid. Percentage of embryos germination was higher when gibberellic acid and dark/cold treatments were simultaneously applied (%63.17 germination) as compared to those when applied separately.
Keywords: Juglans regia L., Embryo germination, MT medium culture, Modified DKW medium culture, Gibberellic acid
Research Article
Mohammadtaghi Ebadi; Majid Azizi; Reza Omidbaigi; Mohammad Hasanzadeh Khayat
Abstract
Abstract
In order to study the effect of sowing date and seeding rate on essential oil content and composition of chamomile (Matricaria recutita L.) CV. Presov, prepared from Slovakia, an experiment was conducted. The experimental design was split-plot in the basic of randomized complete blocked design ...
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Abstract
In order to study the effect of sowing date and seeding rate on essential oil content and composition of chamomile (Matricaria recutita L.) CV. Presov, prepared from Slovakia, an experiment was conducted. The experimental design was split-plot in the basic of randomized complete blocked design (RCBD) with three replications. Main plots consisted of three sowing dates (6 Nov, 5 Mar, and 4 Apr) and sub-plots included three seeding levels (0.2, 0.4 and 0.8 g/m2). Evaluated traits were essential oil content and percent of -farnesene, -bisabolol oxide B, -bisabolol, chamazulene, -bisabolol oxide A. The results showed that spring sowing (Mar and Apr) produced chamomile with high level of essential oil content. On the basis of the results, the highest essential oil content (0.63 w/w percent) was obtained from the plots were sown on 5 of Mar with 0.4 g/m2 but the highest -bisabolol and chamazulene content (75.99 and 17.31 percent respectively) were obtained from the plots were sown on 4 of Apr with 0.2 and 0.4 g/m2. According to the results, because of high percent of essential oil and desirable content of -bisabolol and chamazulene, the most suitable sowing date and seeding level in Mashhad condition is 5 of Mar with 0.4 g/m2 seeds respectively.
Keywords: German chamomile, Sowing date, Seeding rate, Essential oil content and composition
Research Article
Asiyeh Siahmarguee; Golsoomeh Azizi; Ahmad Nezami; Maryam Jahani Kondori
Abstract
Abstract
In order to investigate the freezing tolerance of field grown Fennel (fueniculum vulgare mill) under controlled conditions, a factorial experiment based on completely randomized design was conducted with three replications in Agricultural College, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad in 2004. Treatments ...
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Abstract
In order to investigate the freezing tolerance of field grown Fennel (fueniculum vulgare mill) under controlled conditions, a factorial experiment based on completely randomized design was conducted with three replications in Agricultural College, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad in 2004. Treatments were two fennel ecotypes (Khorasan and Kerman), two planting dates (Oct 8th and 29th ) and six temperatures (0,-3,-6,-9,-12,-15°C). Plants were harvested from the field on Des 7th in controlled conditions exposed to the freezing temperature. Plant survival percentage and re growth after 21 days under the greenhouse and plant necrosis degree after the six days under the lab condition were evaluated. Greenhouse results showed that there wasn’t significantly different between Khorasan and Kerman ecotypes for survival percentage, height and number of nod but Kerman ecotype had the higher leaf number than Khorasan ecotypes. Planting date had significantly effect on survival percentage, height, number of leaf, number of nod and percentage of plant dry weight. So 29 October planting date was higher than 8 October in the entire measured criteria. With lowering the temperature, survival percentage, height, number of leaf, number of node and dry weight had decreased trend. There was significantly different between planting dates on plant necrosis degree of plant in 6th day under the lab conditions. Necrosis degree for 29 October and 8 October. planting date was 3.4 and 2.8% respectively. The highest necrosis degree was shown in -150C freezing treatment that it was twice than necrosis degree in 00C .
Keywords: Height, Necrosis degree, Survival percentage, Dry weight
Research Article
M. Mohammadi Moghadam; Hossein Afshari; Ebrahim Mohammadi Goltapeh; Hossein Hokmabadi; Sina Rad
Abstract
Abstract
In order to evaluate the effect of testa on reduction of fungal growth and aflatoxin B1 producthon, ten cultivars of pistachio were collected from different parts of pistachio belt i-e Rafsanjan, Damghan and Ghazvin of Iran. A section of testa and one mm of endosperm were scraped. 20 gr. of ...
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Abstract
In order to evaluate the effect of testa on reduction of fungal growth and aflatoxin B1 producthon, ten cultivars of pistachio were collected from different parts of pistachio belt i-e Rafsanjan, Damghan and Ghazvin of Iran. A section of testa and one mm of endosperm were scraped. 20 gr. of wounded kernels and 20 gr. of unwounded kernels were surface sterilized and then placed in petri dishes separately (completely randomized design in 3 replications). One ml of the spore suspension of aflatoxigenic Aspergillus flavus was added to each petri dish. (spore suspension was adjusted to contain 2×106 spore per ml ). The plates were placed over water in plastic boxes and these were then placed in an incubator at 26ºC for 2.5, 5 and 8 days. After inoculation, growth rate and colonization of A. flavus on wounded and unwounded pistachio kernels in different cultivars were measured. Also aflatoxin content of inoculated kernels was extracted by BF method and estimated by TLC and densitometer. Average of A. flavus growth percentage on surface of wounded and unwounded kernels was compared with t-student test. The results of this research indicated a significant difference in fungus growth rate and aflatoxin B1 production between wounded and unwounded kernels of pistachio cultivars. In other words, testa in unwounded kernels could be considered as a resistant barrier against the fungus penetration into kernels and reduced A. flavus growth and aflatoxin B1 production as compared with wounded kernels.
Keywords: Pistachio, Cultivar, Aspergillus flavus, Aflatoxin, Testa
Research Article
Khosro Parvizi; Jahanbakhsh Souri; Rahele Mahmoodi
Abstract
Abstract
This Research was conducted in Hamadan province for evaluation of potato cultivars reaction to cultivation date. This experiment was performed in split plot design based on randomized complete block in thee replication with two factors, containing, I. main plots are planting date including: ...
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Abstract
This Research was conducted in Hamadan province for evaluation of potato cultivars reaction to cultivation date. This experiment was performed in split plot design based on randomized complete block in thee replication with two factors, containing, I. main plots are planting date including: 9 April, 25 April, 10May, 26May, 10 June, 26 June 2. And subplots are Cultivar with three Levels, Agria, Marfona and Sante. In developing period of growing time and harvesting date we measured 1l traits, including, days after planting to fifty percent germination 2. overlaping time 3. plant height 4. tuberization time s. main stem No 6. ripening time 7. total yield 8. marketable yield 9. Nonmarketable yield, 10. dry matter of tuber 11. long of tuber dormancy. Conclusion of multiple analysis variance demonstrated that year effect was significantly different at 1% level in tuberization also, was significantly different at 5% level in total yield and marketable yield. but hadn`t any significant difference with other traits. Cultivation date with cultivar reaction had significant difference in all traits. Cultivation date and cultivar had significant difference at 1% level with all traits other than main stem and plant height. Comparison of means showed that two dates of cultivation containing 10 May and 26 May with three cultivars had better marketable yield. Cultivation in 9 April produced highest total yield but was low quality in tuber production with marketability range. In totally, Marfona produced higher marketable yield In all cultivation date with comparison of two other cultivars.
Keywords: Potato, Planting date, Cultivar, Marketable yield, Dry matter of tuber
Research Article
Seyyed Javad Mousavizadeh; Kambiz Mashayekhi
Abstract
Abstract
Somatic embryogenesis is a new approach to in vitro plant propagation. This technique is based on stem cell obtain and its differentiation to a complete plant. This is affected by components of media culture. So, the effects of MS, B5 and NL media on carrot petiole somatic embryogenesis investigated ...
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Abstract
Somatic embryogenesis is a new approach to in vitro plant propagation. This technique is based on stem cell obtain and its differentiation to a complete plant. This is affected by components of media culture. So, the effects of MS, B5 and NL media on carrot petiole somatic embryogenesis investigated via histological experiment. To do this, carrot petioles (with 1 cm dimension) cultured in liquid phase of these media. Different concentrations of IAA and 2,4-D were used for induction of somatic embryogenesis. For histological study, after induction phase, sampling from cultured petioles was done and fixed in FAA solution. After dehydration, paraffin embedding, blocking, sectioning and staining, samples were used to examine the specimen for the documentation. Results indicated that there is significant differences among MS, B5 and NL media with respect to carrot somatic embryogenesis (P
Research Article
Mohanna Mollavali; Sahebali Bolandnazar; Seyyed Jalal Tabatabaie
Abstract
Abstract
Nitrogen is a key nutrient in plant growth and it is necessary for amino acid synthesis. Sulfur has very important role in the biosynthesis of the Alliums flavor and pungency precursors and Potassium improve crop yield and quality. In order to study the effect of ammonium nitrate and potassium ...
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Abstract
Nitrogen is a key nutrient in plant growth and it is necessary for amino acid synthesis. Sulfur has very important role in the biosynthesis of the Alliums flavor and pungency precursors and Potassium improve crop yield and quality. In order to study the effect of ammonium nitrate and potassium sulfate on concentration some of the mineral elements in onion (Allium cepa L. Azar Shahr cv.) a pot experiment was carried out with two factors, comprised nitrogen and sulfur, in a randomized complete block design with four replications. Nitrogen and sulfate were supplied as NH4NO3 (50, 100, 67.5 and 90kg ha-1) and K2SO4 (0, 78.3 and 156.6 kg ha-1) respectively. Three 8 weeks old onion seedlings were transplanted to pots with 7 kg soil as a experimental unit so, 144 plant were performed in 48 pots. At bulbing stage, one plant were sampled per pot and N, P, K and S concentration in leaves were determined and after bulb harvesting, also N and S in bulbs were measured. The result indicated that, by increasing K2SO4 to 156.6 kg/ha P, K and S concentration in leaves and bulb increased, however the highest N concentration in leaves and bulb were observed by application 78.3 kg/ha K2SO4. Increasing trends in leaves and bulb N and leaves K were observed by 67.5 kg/ha NH4NO3. In conclusion, by considering of nutrient absorption and dry matter production 156.6 kg/ha K2SO4 and 67.5 kg/ha NH4NO3 for better onion bulb production is recommended.
Keywords: Onion, Ammonium nitrate, Potassium sulfate, Nitrogen, Potassium, Sulfur
Research Article
Amirghaffar Ghaffar Shahriari; Abdolreza Bagheri; Ahmad Sharifi; Nasrin Moshtaghi
Abstract
Abstract
Alstroemeria is one of the most important cut flowers in the world which is multiplicated by rhizome explants in in vitro conditions . The major problem in using rhizome explants is fungal and bacterial contamination which inhibit the preparation of strill explants. Therefor in this experiment, ...
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Abstract
Alstroemeria is one of the most important cut flowers in the world which is multiplicated by rhizome explants in in vitro conditions . The major problem in using rhizome explants is fungal and bacterial contamination which inhibit the preparation of strill explants. Therefor in this experiment, the effect of disinfecting compounds like sodium hypochlorite, mercury chloride, nano silver particles, the antibiotics of streptomycin, penicillin, cefotaxime and carbendazim fungicide were examined on controlling of contamination. After disinfection, the explants were cultured on MS medium supplemented with 2 mg/L BA and 0.2 mg/L NAA. Contamination percentage was measured after three weeks. The results showed that the treatment of plants with 0.4% carbendazim fungicide and disinfection by 70% ethanol for one minute and %3 sodium hypochlorite for 20 minutes for caralis cultivar, and disinfection by 70% ethanol for one minute and %3 sodium hypochlorite for 20 minutes follow by culturing in medium with 200 mg/l either of streptomycin and penicillin in Bordeaux cultivar had the lowest contamination percentage. Contamination was not controlled by nano silver particles in studied plants.
Keywords: Alstroemeria, sodium hypoclorite, mercury chloride, antibiotics, carbendazim
