Roya Bishehkolaei; Hamid Fahimi; Sara Saadatmand; Taher Nejadsattari
Abstract
Abstract
Effect of Cr3+ concentrations (1, 2, 4, 6, and 8 mg L-1) on lipid peroxidation / MDA production and antioxidative enzyme activity (APOX, SOD, and PPOX) in root and leaf tissues of sweet basil seedlings (Ocimum basilicum L.) during 6week treatment in hydroponic culture was studied. Increasing ...
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Abstract
Effect of Cr3+ concentrations (1, 2, 4, 6, and 8 mg L-1) on lipid peroxidation / MDA production and antioxidative enzyme activity (APOX, SOD, and PPOX) in root and leaf tissues of sweet basil seedlings (Ocimum basilicum L.) during 6week treatment in hydroponic culture was studied. Increasing Cr3+ in the culture medium (≥4 mg L-1) caused significant enhancement of APOX, SOD, and PPOX activity in root and leaf tissues of sweet basil seedlings, compared with the control (P≤0.01). Introducing of ≥4 mg L-1 Cr3+ to the culture medium of sweet basil seedlings caused enhancement of MDA level in root and leaf tissues compared with the control (P≤0.01) indicating Cr-induced oxidative stress and membrane lipid peroxidation in basil seedlings under treatment.
Keywords: Ocimum basilicum L., Cr3+, Antioxidative enzyme, Lipid peroxidation, Hydroponic culture
Shohreh Nikkhah
Abstract
Abstract
Harvesting date of pear cvs. "Spadona" and "Coscia" and the effect of different CaCl2 concentrations on fruit quality in cold storage were studied. The experimental design was structured as factorial with 4 factors and 3 replicates based on completely randomized design. Pear cv. " Coscia " ...
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Abstract
Harvesting date of pear cvs. "Spadona" and "Coscia" and the effect of different CaCl2 concentrations on fruit quality in cold storage were studied. The experimental design was structured as factorial with 4 factors and 3 replicates based on completely randomized design. Pear cv. " Coscia " was harvested in July 24th, July 31st and August 6th and " Spadona" in August 7th, August 14th and August 21st. After treatment with CaCl2 solutions (0, 4% and 6%), the fruits were transferred to cold storage (at 0 - 1 º C, 85-90% RH) and preserved for 6 months. The qualitative characteristics of fruits were calcium content, total soluble solids, titrable acidity, TSS/TA, reduced sugar and flesh firmness. They were measured immediately after harvesting and after 30, 60, 90, 120, 135, 150, 165 and 180 days stored in cold storage. At the end of storage time, sensory attributes (texture, color, taste, odor and overall quality) were determined. Results revealed that flesh firmness of cv. Coscia was higher (1.3 lb/in2) but cv. Spadona has higher total soluble solids and TSS/TA. Besides the scores of texture, color, odor and overall quality were higher in cv. Spadona. The results showed that pear cv. Spadona that was harvested in August 21st (heat unit=1986/8, full bloom=140 days) and treated with 6% CaCl2 solution, had highest calcium content and gained the highest score of panelist for overall quality. Totally this treatment maintained the best qualitative and quantitative characteristics and sensory attributes after 180 storing days in cold storage.
Keywords: Pear cultivars, Harvesting date, CaCl2 solutions, Calcium content, Overall quality
Masud Zadehbagheri; Yunos Mostofi; Mostafa Mostafavi
Abstract
Abstract
Cyanide is a colorless, harmful, and dangerous substance with a smell similar to bitter almond. Cyanide forms a stable compound with iron and magnesium and interferes with cell activity by interfering with respiration, carbon stabilization and nitrate revival. In order to evaluate cyanide ...
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Abstract
Cyanide is a colorless, harmful, and dangerous substance with a smell similar to bitter almond. Cyanide forms a stable compound with iron and magnesium and interferes with cell activity by interfering with respiration, carbon stabilization and nitrate revival. In order to evaluate cyanide metabolism in Fuji and Abassi Mashhad apples, a factorial experiment was conducted as split plot based on a complete randomized block design in 4 replications. The fruits were randomly divided into four separate parts and were stored at four different temperatures (-2, 0, 2, and 4C) in a normal cold storage (under refrigerator conditions), with a relative humidity of 85%±2 for a period of four months. The cyanide accumulation amount and Beta-CAS enzyme activity analysis were evaluated after removal of the samples from the storage for a period of thirteen days. Beta-CAS enzyme activity was assessed using colorimetric method based on the production of H2S. The result showed that the highest cyanide accumulation was at -2C and the lowest was at 4C in both cultivars. It seems that higher temperatures were more effective in the decomposition and metabolization of cyanide. Beta-CAS enzyme activity in Abassi Mashhad cultivar was more than fuji cultivar and different storage temperatures, had different effects on the enzyme's activity. Activity of the enzyme increased daily up to 12 days but decreased on day 13.
Keywords: Apple, Beta-CAS enzyme, Cyanide, Ethylene, Temperature
Keramat Rabiei; Mahmoud Khodambashi; Mansour Omidi
Abstract
Abstract
In order to study the effect of using somaclonal variation on production of resistant lines to water deficit conditions on carrot (Daucus carota L.), an experiment was carried out in department of biotechnology of All Russian Research Institute of Vegetable Crops (RAAS) in 2008-2009. Coated ...
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Abstract
In order to study the effect of using somaclonal variation on production of resistant lines to water deficit conditions on carrot (Daucus carota L.), an experiment was carried out in department of biotechnology of All Russian Research Institute of Vegetable Crops (RAAS) in 2008-2009. Coated seeds of four carrot cultivars which are cultivated in Iran including, Monarch, Nantes Improved, Tam Tam and Vilmorn were collected and germinated to produce hypocotyl segments. Sterliziation of hypocotyles were carried out using ethanol 70% for 30 seconds and hypochlorite solution 1% for 10 minutes. Explants were placed on medium containing 2,4-D in concentration of 0.2 mg/l for callus production. For cell selection on resitance to drought, Polyethylene glycol (in concentrations of 0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25 percent) were used. Nitrosoethylurea as a supermutagen was used to increase the rate of somaclonal variation in concentrations of 0, 0.5, 2 and 8 mM. Results showed that callus growth and regeneration ability were considerably decreased as the concentration of selective agents increased. In the level of 20% and 25% of PEG no seedling was regenerated and in concentration of 8 mM of mutagen, almost all of the calli died. Results of peroxidase activity analysis and water retention content showed that the lines regenerated from media supplemented with high concentrations of polyethylene glycol that were expected to be resistant lines, had significantly higher amounts of peroxidase activity and water retention capability than the lines regenerated from lower levels.
Keywords: Carrot, Polyethylene glycol, Somaclonal variation
Roghayeh Talebi Habashi; Alireza Eivazi
Abstract
Abstract
In order to increase of quality and storage life of strawberry fruits (cv. 'Selva'), UV-C irradiation at tow doses (5 and 15 min) and immersion in Methyl jasmonat solution with three concentrations (0,1,3 µMol/ lit ), were applied. A factorial experiment (Dummy Plot) was carried out with ...
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Abstract
In order to increase of quality and storage life of strawberry fruits (cv. 'Selva'), UV-C irradiation at tow doses (5 and 15 min) and immersion in Methyl jasmonat solution with three concentrations (0,1,3 µMol/ lit ), were applied. A factorial experiment (Dummy Plot) was carried out with Randomized Completely Design at 8 replications. Fruits after harvesting, treated and stored in a cold storage in +2 0C with 95% relative humidity for 14 days. Immediately after treatments and end of storage, quality traits including, total soluble solid (TSS), titrable acidity (TA), vitamin C, total phenols, decay percentage were measured. The results showed that fruits which took UV-C irradiation (5 min) and MJ solution (1 µMol/ lit), increased total phenol and decreased of decay percentage after 14 days of storage more than others. UV-C irradiation with Methyl jasmonat solution didn’t have any significant effects on TA, TSS and Vitamin C.
Keywords: Strawberry, Irradiation, UV-C, Immersion, Methyl jasmonat
Mohammad Zarrinbal; Jaber Soleymani; Saadollah Eskandari; Adel Dabbagh Mohammadi Nasab; Raheleh Rasouli Pirouzian
Abstract
Abstract
Apricot fruit because of its high respiration rate and rapid ripening process has short storage period and should be offer to marketing immediately after harvest. This study was carried out to determine the optimum harvest time of apricot fruits to prolong their storage period and decrease ...
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Abstract
Apricot fruit because of its high respiration rate and rapid ripening process has short storage period and should be offer to marketing immediately after harvest. This study was carried out to determine the optimum harvest time of apricot fruits to prolong their storage period and decrease its wastes. Split-split plot based on complete randomized block design were used for four traditional apricot cultivars include of "Germez shahroud", "Gorban maragheh", "Orduobad" and "Nasiri" (as main factor) in three harvesting stages (as sub-factor) based on fruit skin color. The first harvest was conducted when skin color had a predominantly green background with yellow tinges, the second and third harvest coincided with yellow background with green tinges and yellow-orange background color of fruits. Then fruits were packed in boxes with polyethylene covers and stored at 0-2 ˚ c and 85% RH. For 0, 7, 14, 21 and 28 days (as sub-sub-factor). After each storage period, fruits were tested for their quality attributes such as shriveling, gel breakdown and decay percentage. Other fruit properties included fruit weight, firmness, TSS, pH and EC were measured and data were analyzed. The cluster analysis results related to quality traits of fruits revealed four distinct classes. Results showed that optimum harvest time of all cultivars is when the fruit skin color has a predominantly yellow background with green tinges and prolong storage period. At these conditions, the fruits of "Germez shahroud", "Gorban maragheh", "Orduobad" and "Nasiri" could be cold-stored with suitable quality until 21, 28, 21 and 28 days, respectively.
Keywords: apricot, cold-storage, harvest time, packaging
Zohreh Roohi; Mohammad Reza Asghari; Yusof rasmi; Zahra Aslani
Abstract
Abstract
Effect of different concentrations of salicylic acid on postharvest life of kiwifruit (Actinidia deliciosa) cultivar Hayward at 0 ±.5 °C and 90-95% RH was studied. Fruits were treated with salicylic acid (0, 1 and 2 mmol/L-1) and stored at 0±.5°C for 16 weeks. Fruit quality attributes ...
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Abstract
Effect of different concentrations of salicylic acid on postharvest life of kiwifruit (Actinidia deliciosa) cultivar Hayward at 0 ±.5 °C and 90-95% RH was studied. Fruits were treated with salicylic acid (0, 1 and 2 mmol/L-1) and stored at 0±.5°C for 16 weeks. Fruit quality attributes assessment including firmness, total acidity, soluble solid content, ascorbic acid, antioxidant activity, catalase enzyme activity and total protein content was conducted after 8 and 16 weeks of cold storage. Salicylic acid treatment significantly retained fruit firmness and 2 mmol/L-1 was the most effective treatment in retaining fruit firmness. salicylic acid treatment also had a significant effect on total acidity after 16 weeks and ascorbic acid after 8 weeks, but had no significant effect on soluble solid content. Salicylic acid significantly affected on antioxidant activity. Effect of salicylic acid had a significant increase in catalase enzyme activity and total protein content after 16 weeks of cold storage.
Keywords: Salicylic acid, Postharvest, Antioxidant activity, Kiwifruit
Ronak Sasani; Hamid Reza Khazaei; Ahmad Nezami
Abstract
Abstract
Dormancy in potato minituber buds is one of the limiting factors on planting them after harvesting. This study was undertaken in a completely randomized Nested with arrengment three replications to examine the effective hormonal and temperature treatments on rapid breaking of minitubers dormancy ...
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Abstract
Dormancy in potato minituber buds is one of the limiting factors on planting them after harvesting. This study was undertaken in a completely randomized Nested with arrengment three replications to examine the effective hormonal and temperature treatments on rapid breaking of minitubers dormancy at 2008. Treatments included gibberellic acid (2 and 5 mg/l), benzyl adenine (5 and 10 mg/l), zeatine (1.5 and 3 mg/l) and temperature (5, 10 and 15oC). Results showed that germination rate and percentage, length of sprouts, number of active sprouts, tuber weight were affected by hormonal and temperature. Germination rate and percentage were not significantly different amoung hormones under temperature 15oc but lowest was respectively 14.4 and 11 for control. Most effect on length of sprouts was resulted in 5 mg/l gibberellic acid. Temperature 10oc had most affect on number of active sprouts. Under low temperature effect of hormones on studied was not significant. Loss of Tuber weight under low temperature (5oc) and high temperature (15oc) was high and low respectively.
Key words: Potato, Dormancy of minituber, Dormancy breaking
Azizeh Mosayyebzadeh; Yunos Mostofi; Mohammad Javan Nikkhah; Zahra Emam Jome
Abstract
Abstract
The present research was conducted to evaluate the biochemical changes trends of Shahroodi table grapes tissues in a factorial experiment on the basis of completely randomized design with three replications under modified atmosphere packaging compared to the controls. Three gas combinations ...
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Abstract
The present research was conducted to evaluate the biochemical changes trends of Shahroodi table grapes tissues in a factorial experiment on the basis of completely randomized design with three replications under modified atmosphere packaging compared to the controls. Three gas combinations including 10%CO2+5%O2 (GC2), 10%CO2+15%O2 (GC3) and 10%CO2+60%O2 (GC4) using two types of polymeric films (polypropylene and polyethylene) were used to store grapes at 1 oC and 80-90% RH. The content of reducing sugars, total titratable acidity (TTA) and pH of fruit juice were measured every 15 days following the placing of fruits for 24 hrs at room temperatures. The results of 45 days storage showed that along with decreased reducing sugars content the infection incidence has been increased. On the other hand a sharp increase in reducing sugars content was observed after infection incidence. Our results showed that the early increase of reducing sugars content in the fruits of GC4 occurred along with less infection. In addition, it was observed that the decrease of TTA and increase of pH showed slower trends in these samples.
Key words: Reducing sugars, Gray mould, Shahroodi Table Grapes, Modified atmosphere packaging
Zeinab Arian Pouya; Gholamhossein Davarynejad; Shadi Attar
Abstract
Abstract
Chilling injury of vegetative and generative buds, bark and wood during fall and winter seasons are mainly limiting factors for productivity of fruits. Selecting and expanding cultivars for more yield and quality without attention to the rate of their frost resistance are impossible. In this ...
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Abstract
Chilling injury of vegetative and generative buds, bark and wood during fall and winter seasons are mainly limiting factors for productivity of fruits. Selecting and expanding cultivars for more yield and quality without attention to the rate of their frost resistance are impossible. In this research, the rate of relative resistance of some peach and nectarine cultivars at a sudden downfall of temperature was analyzed in vivo weather conditions during the 2008 winter season in Mashhad. The meteorology station of the studied area (Golmakan station) registered -22°C for the minimum temperature of this year on 13th January, which was a little different from the weather of Mashhad. This test is performed as factorials in the form of a randomized complete block design with three replications. Relative ionic leakage is used on reproductive and vegetative buds, annual and biennial wood in peach cultivars (J.H.Hale, Elberta, Redhaven, Mashhad Sorkhosepfide and Mashhad Ghermez) and nectarine cultivars (Indipendens, Qiuota, Nectared 6 and Stargold). Between studied peach and nectarine cultivars, Mashhad Sorkhosephid and Mashhad Ghermez cultivars, which are cultivars native to Iran, were the most resistant reproductive buds that did not have a significant difference in comparison with other peach and nectarine cultivars with the exclusion of Indipendense cultivar. The most sensitive reproductive buds were nectarine Indipendense cultivar and the most resistant vegetative buds were Mashhad Sorkhosephid and Redhaven in peach cultivars and Nectared 6 and Qiuta cultivars in nectarine cultivars. The relative ionic leakage of annual wood in peach cultivars was more than nectarine cultivars. But the relative ionic leakage between peach cultivars was not significant and Nectared 6 cultivar did not have any difference compared to peach cultivars. The "Sorkhosephid" peach cultivar of Mashhad had more solution carbohydrates in generative buds and annual wood (93.33 and 136.50 mg/lit, respectively) than other studied cultivars. Results of sugar rate followed relative ionic leakage and visual observations and showed increasing sugar and decreasing ionic leakage in organ caused lower their susceptibility to cold.
Key words: Peach and nectarine Cultivars, Chilling injury, Relative ionic leakage, Visual observation, Sugar
