اثر اسید سالیسیلیک بر برخی ویژگی‌های مورفوفیزیولوژیک گل‌های بستری خانواده آفتابگردان تحت شرایط کم آبی

نوع مقاله : مقالات پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد

2 فردوسی مشهد

3 دانشگاه حکیم سبزواری

چکیده

کم آبی یکی از مهم‌ترین مشکلات مناطق خشک و نیمه خشک می‌باشد. هرگاه میزان آب دریافتی گیاه کمتر از تلفات آن باشد کم آبی پدید می‌آید که در این شرایط استفاده از تنظیم کننده‌های رشد گیاهی مانند اسید سالیسیلیک راهکاری برای جلوگیری از اثرات مخرب کم آبی و افزایش سازگاری گیاه می‌باشد. به منظور بررسی اثر اسید سالیسیلیک بر برخی از ویژگی‌های مورفوفیزیولوژیک تعدادی از گل‌های بستری خانواده آفتابگردان شامل ابری (Ageratum houstonianum ‘Blue Danube’)، جعفری آفریقایی (erecta ‘Discovery Yellow’ Tagets)، جعفری فرانسوی ‘Hero Harmony’) patula Tagets)، آهار (Zinnia elegans ‘Lilliput rose’) و وصال (chinensi ‘Milady Mix’ Callistephus) تحت شرایط کم آبی، آزمایشی به صورت اسپلیت پلات بر پایه طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با چهار تکرار در محوطه گروه باغبانی دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد در سال 1392 انجام شد. فاکتور اصلی دو حجم آبیاری (50 و 100 درصد نیاز آبی)، فاکتور فرعی اسید سالیسیلیک (0 و 1 میلی‌مولار) بودند. ویژگی‌های مورفولوژیکی اندازه‌گیری شده (ارتفاع، سطح برگ، تعداد گل، وزن خشک گل، ریشه و اندام هوایی) و ویژگی‌های فیزیولوژیکی (کلروفیل های a، b و کل، کاروتنوئید، هدایت روزنه‌ای، محتوای نسبی آب برگ و نشت یونی) بودند. نتایج نشان داد کاربرد اسید سالیسیلیک در شرایط کم آبی به علت تفاوت‌های مورفولوژیکی و ژنتیکی گل‌ها بر ویژگی‌های مورفوفیزیولوژیکی آن‌ها اثرات یکسانی نداشت. در شرایط کم آبی کاربرد اسید سالیسیلیک موجب بیشترین بهبود صفات مذکور در آهار و جعفری آفریقایی گردید. کمترین اثر نیز در گیاه وصال مشاهده شد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Effects of Salicylic Acid on Some Morphophysiological Characteristics of Border Flowers from Asteraceae Family under Water Deficit

نویسندگان [English]

  • majid zargarian 1
  • Ali Tehranifar 1
  • Seyyed Hosein Nemati 2
  • Bahram syavashpor 3
1 Ferdowsi University of Mashhad
2 Ferdowsi university of Mashhad
3 Hakim Sabzevari University
چکیده [English]

Introduction: In order to improve physical and mental human healthy, development of the urban area landscape is necessary. Water deficit is one of the most important problems in arid and semi- arid regions. Water deficit causes to reduce growth of different plants parts, including roots, aerial parts, leaf area, height, dry weight, proteins, amino acids and chlorophyll. Using drought tolerance plantsisone solution. Moreover, one physiological method to decrease the hazardous effects of environmental stresses on plants is to applyplant growth regulators such as salicylic acid (SA). SA is one of the plant phenolic compounds in low amounts (mg/g wet weight or lower).
This hormone can perform an important role in resistance to stresses. Asteraceae is one of the biggest plant families with over 20,000 species which is distributed worldwide in moderate and tropical regions. A lot of border flowers of this family are widely used in landscaping. Toselect drought tolerance flowers and application of materials that reducing stress effects, this experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of salicylic acid on some morphological and physiological characteristics of five border flowers of this family.
Materials and Methods: The field experiment was conducted as split plot on randomized complete blocks design with four replications in which factors included two levels of water deficit (50, 100% FC) as main plot and two levels of SA (0, 1mmol/L-1) as sub plot in the horticulturedepartment of faculty of Agriculture atFerdowsi University of Mashhad. In this investigation five border flowers (Ageratum houstonianum‘Blue Danube’, Tagetserecta ‘Discovery Yellow’, Tagetspatula‘Hero Harmony’, Zinnia elegans ‘Lilliput rose’andCallistephuschinensis ‘Milady Mix’ ) of Asteraceae family were chosen for study. The soil mixture was analyzed before starting the test. According to the result of physicochemical analysis of the soil, it had loamy texture (52% sand, 30% silt and 18% clay) with 7.04 pH and 3.6 ds/m electrical conductivity (EC) and total N (0.175mg/kg), P (142.7 mg/kg) and K (142.3mg/kg) were reported, too. Investigated characteristics were height of the plants, leaf area,flower number,root dry weight, flower dry weight, aerial parts dry weight,chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, ,total chlorophyll,carotenoide,stomata conductance,relative water content (RWC) and electrolyte leakage. Tomeasureleaf area and stomata conductance, leaf area meter and prometer were used, respectively. In addition, electrolyte leakage, RWC, chlorophyll and carotenoide were evaluated by Sairamet al., Smart and Bingham, Arnon and Rangan methods, respectively. Minitab 16 software was used for data analysis and LSD test (p≤ 5%) for mean comparison was applied.
Results and Discussion: The results of this study showed that all characteristics of examined flowers decreased underwater deficit treatment (50% FC). SA had different effect on flowers properties. Although SA had not significant effect on flower number, it improved the percentage of characteristicssuch asflower dry weight, chlorophyll a, stomata conductance and RWC of Ageratum houstonianum; root dry weight, carotenoid andstomata conductance of Zinnia elegans; carotenoid of Tagetserecta; flower number, flower dry weight, carotenoid and stomata conductance of Tagetspatula; root dry weight, flower dry weight, aerial parts dry weight andstomata conductance of Callistephuschinensis. Moreover, SA had significant effect on the considered characteristics of the other studied flowers. Interaction effect of these two factors had different effects on all of the examined characteristics of five flowers. The highest amounts of the investigated characteristics mostly obtained from water deficit with SA application treatment. Under water deficit, SA could influence leaf area and electrolyte leakage of all examined flowers and aerial parts dry weight of all flowers except Callistephuschinensis. Among the studied flowersTagetserectaand Zinnia elegans showed the highest and Callistephuschinensisdisplayed the lowest response to SA application under water deficit. Underwater deficit conditions SA probably cause to improve nutritious elements that can increase plant growth. Different effects of SA on morphological and physiological properties may be due to the plant species and environmental conditions that can influence on morphophysiologic process variously.
Conclusions: The results of this studyindicated that SA resulted in the improvement of themost of morphological and physiological properties. However different results obtained,due to the variation in morphological and physiological characteristics of flowers.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • African marigold
  • China aster
  • Floss flower
  • French marigold
  • Zinnia

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علوم باغبانی
دوره 30، شماره 1 - شماره پیاپی 1
اردیبهشت 1395
صفحه 151-162

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  • تاریخ دریافت: 09 تیر 1394
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 09 تیر 1394
  • تاریخ اولین انتشار: 01 اردیبهشت 1395

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