اثر نور تکمیلی (طیف و طول دوره نوردهی) LED بر برخی از صفات فیزیولوژیکی و میزان هایپریسین در گل راعی (Hypericum perforatum L.)

نوع مقاله : مقالات پژوهشی

نویسندگان

الهه غفوریان حضوری اصفهان ¹

مجید عزیزی ²

¹ 1- گروه علوم باغبانی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، مشهد، ایران 2- پژوهشکده گیاهان دارویی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، مشهد، ایران

² 1 - گروه علوم باغبانی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، مشهد، ایران 2- پژوهشکده گیاهان دارویی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، مشهد، ایران

https://doi.org/10.22067/jhs.2021.61538.0

چکیده

به‌منظور بررسی تأثیر نور مکمل LED، بر خصوصیات رشدی و میزان ماده مؤثره در گیاه دارویی گل راعی (Hypericum perforatum L.) رقم ̓توپاز̒، تحقیقی در قالب دو آزمایش مستقل بر پایه طرح بلوک کامل تصادفی اجرا شد. در هر دو آزمایش، تأثیر چهار طیف نوری توأم با نور خورشید شامل نور قرمز (L₁)، آبی (L₂)، 67 درصد نور قرمز و 33 درصد نور آبی (L₃)، سفید (L₄)، 100 درصد نور طبیعی (L₅)، با شدت مساوی به‌میزان 200 فوت شمع با سه تکرار مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. نتایج نشان داد که اثر نور مکمل (از طلوع تا غروب خورشید) بر صفات رشدی و بیوشیمیایی در سطح احتمال یک درصد معنی‌دار بود. بیشترین وزن خشک بوته به‌ترتیب در برداشت اول و دوم مربوط به تیمار L₃ (638/8 گرم و 923/66 گرم) بود. همچنین بیشترین درصد هایپریسین در برداشت اول مربوط به نور ترکیبی (تیمار L₃) و برابر 17/0 درصد براساس وزن خشک به دست آمد. در آزمایش دوم، نور تکمیلی پس از غروب خورشید به‌منظور افزایش طول روشنایی مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. نتایج نشان داد که اثر طیف­های نور مکمل (به‌مدت چهار ساعت افزایش طول روز) تأثیر معنی‌داری در سطح احتمال یک درصد بر صفات رشدی و بیوشیمیایی داشت. کمترین تعداد روز تا گل‌دهی مربوط به تیمار L₃ (101 روز) به دست آمد که در مقایسه با شاهد شش روز زودتر بود. همچنین بیشترین میزان هایپریسین مربوط به تیمار L₃ (26/0 درصد) بود. با توجه به نتایج حاصل از این پژوهش، تأثیر مثبت نور LED به‌ویژه طیف ترکیبی نور قرمز و آبی بر خصوصیات رشدی و بیوشیمیایی و میزان هایپریسین در گیاه دارویی گل راعی کاملاْ مشهود بود و بنابراین می­توان از این تیمار برای بهبود کیفیت این گیاه مورد استفاده در صنایع داروسازی استفاده نمود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

طول روز

کیفیت نور

گل راعی

مواد مؤثره

LED

موضوعات

• گیاهان دارویی

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عنوان مقاله English

The Impact of LED Spectrum and Supplementary Lighting Duration on Some Physiological Traits and Hypericin content of Hypericum perforatum

نویسندگان English

E. Ghafourian Hozouri Esfahan ¹

M. Azizi ²

¹ 1- Department of Horticultural Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran 2- Research Institute of Medicinal Plants, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran

² 1- Department of Horticultural Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran 2- Research Institute of Medicinal Plants, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran

چکیده English

Introduction
Medicinal plants are very important in modern healthcare, and the demand for them continues to grow. However, greenhouse production of medicinal plant transplants faces several challenges, including limited light availability. LED lighting has been introduced as a solution to this problem. An LED lamp, or LED light bulb, is an electric light used in fixtures that produces illumination through one or more light-emitting diodes (LEDs). LED lamps have a lifespan many times longer than equivalent incandescent lamps, and are significantly more efficient than most fluorescent lamps. Experiments revealed surprising performance and production of vegetables and ornamental plants under LED light sources. Many plant species have been assessed in greenhouse trials to make sure that the quality of biomass and biochemical ingredients of such plants is at least comparable with those grown in field conditions. Plant performance of mint, basil, lentil, lettuce, cabbage, parsley, and carrot was evaluated by assessing overall plant health, vigor, and the effectiveness of LED lighting in promoting growth. Profuse flowering was also observed in selected ornamental species, including primula, marigold, and stock.
 
Materials and Methods
In order to investigate the effect of supplementary LED light on the growth parameters and the amount of active ingredient in Hypericum perforatum L. “Topaz” cultivar, a research was conducted as two independent experiments. The research was set up in a completely randomized design with three replications. The first experiment experienced the extended of day length with 4 hours at the end of the day (started from sunrise to sunset). LED treatments were started at 10 cm height of the transplants. The second experiment examined the light types. In this order the considered treatments consisted of four levels of red light (L₁), blue light (L₂), combination of 67% red light and 33% blue light (L₃), white (L₄), 100% natural light(L₅), with an intensity equal to (200 fc). Measurement of traits in the first experiment was carried out at flowering stage. Shoots fresh and dry weights, number of black nodes, days to flowering, leaf area, total chlorophyll, antioxidant activity, total phenol, plant height and hypericine percentage were determined within both experiments.
 
Results and Discussion
The results showed that the simple effect of supplementary combination red and blue light (started from sunrise to sunset) on growth, morphological, physiological and biochemical traits was significant at 1% probability level. The highest plant dry weight was detected in L₃ in the first and second harvests respectively (8.63 g, 66.29 g). Also, the highest percentage of Hypericine in the first harvest was obtained for L₃ (0.17%). Measurement of the traits in the second experiment was carried out at the seedling stage. Results showed that the simple effect of supplementary combination light (sun exposure and day length increased for 4 hours) had a significant effect (p≤0.01) on growth rate, physiological, morphological and biochemical properties. So that the lowest number of days to flowering (early flowering) was obtained from L₃ treatment (101 day), and the highest percentage of Hypericin was related to L₃ treatment (0.156%). Black node numbers and total phenol content were increased by 27 and 53 % with supplementary light treatments respectively. Antioxidant activity was also raised and enhanced from 33 % to 75 % with LED light application. Plant height and total chlorophyll content were enhanced from 13 to 23 cm and 12 to 22 mg/g FW as well. Regarding studied traits and the obtained results of the both experiments, the positive effect of applying LED light, red and blue on the growth and biochemical properties, especially the Hypericine percentage and yield of St. John’s wort is quite evident. Different reactions were observed in response to supplementary light treatments for St. John’s wort. Most of the enhancements observed were mainly due to optimized photosynthesis activities and more metabolic production processes.
 
Conclusion
Regarding studied traits and the obtained results of the both experiments, the positive effect of applying LED light, red and blue on the growth and biochemical properties, especially the Hypericine percentage and yield of St. John’s wort is quite evident. It seems that a combination of red and blue light could be suggested for solving the light limitations and increasing the medicinal plant production for future.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

Supplementry light

light quality

Hypericum perforatum

Hypericine

Authors retain the copyright. This is an open access article distributed under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0).

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