بهبود فعالیت‌های آنتی‌اکسیدانی گیاه دارویی ریحان تحت تأثیر گونه‌های مختلف قارچ میکوریزا در شرایط تنش کم‌آبی

نوع مقاله : مقالات پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری فیزیولوژی تولید و پس از برداشت گیاهان دارویی، گروه علوم و مهندسی باغبانی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه تبریز، تبریز

2 استادیار گروه علوم و مهندسی باغبانی، دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی اهر، دانشگاه تبریز، تبریز، ایران

3 دانشیار گروه علوم و مهندسی باغبانی، گرایش گیاهان دارویی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه تبریز، تبریز، ایران

4 استادیار گروه علوم و صنایع غذایی، دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی اهر، دانشگاه تبریز، تبریز، ایران

5 دانش آموخته کارشناسی ارشد زراعت، گروه اکوفیزیولوژی گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه تبریز، تبریز، ایران

6 دانش آموخته کارشناسی تولید و فراوری گیاهان دارویی، دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی اهر، دانشگاه تبریز، تبریز، ایران

چکیده

کمبود آب یکی از عوامل محدودکننده رشد و عملکرد گیاهان می­باشد که به ویژه در مناطق خشک و نیمه خشک جهان از جمله ایران به طرق مختلف باعث محدودیت کاشت گیاهان و کاهش عملکرد محصول می­شود. بهره­گیری از رابطه همزیستی گیاه با قارچ‌های میکوریزای آربوسکول‌دار یکی از راهکارهای کاهش تنش کم­آبی در گیاهان به شمار می‌رود. مطالعه حاضر با ‏هدف ارزیابی برخی از صفات فیزیولوژیکی گیاه دارویی ‏ریحان ‎در شرایط گلخانه­‏‎ای تحت تأثیر سطوح مختلف کم­آبی به همراه سه گونه ‏قارچ میکوریزا به صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح ‏پایه بلوک‎‏­‏‎های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در شرایط گلخانه­ای انجام گرفت. فاکتورهای ‏آزمایشی شامل تنش کم آبی در سه سطح (تنش شدید: 25 درصد طرفیت مزرعه­ای؛ تنش متوسط: 50 درصد طرفیت مزرعه­ای؛ تنش ملایم: 75 درصد طرفیت مزرعه­ای؛ و تیمار شاهد: 100 درصد ‏ظرفیت ‏مزرعه­ای؛ و سه گونه قارچ میکوریزا شامل Glomus intraradices‎، ‏‏Glomus mosseae،‏‎Glomus etunicatum ‎‏ ‏به میزان 30 گرم در هر گلدان و تیمار شاهد (بدون تلقیح قارچ) بود. ‏مطابق نتایج به دست آمده ‏افزایش سطح تنش ‏کم­آبی باعث کاهش رشد گیاهان گردید. همزیستی با میکوریزا باعث ‏کاهش اثرات مخرب تنش کم‌آبی بر گیاه شد. ‏با اعمال تنش کم­آبی میزان مالون دی آلدهید، آنزیم کاتالاز و پراکسیداز، فعالیت آنتی­‏اکسیدانی و فلاونوئید کل افزایش و ‏فنول ‏کل کاهش یافت. با توجه به نتایج آزمایش می­توان بیان کرد که ‏G. mosseae‏ در مقایسه با سایر گونه­ها تأثیر بیشتری در ‏بهبود ‏اثرات سوء ناشی از تنش کم­آبی در اکثر صفات مورد ارزیابی داشت. درحالی­که تأثیر قارچ ‏G. intraradicse‏ بر فلاونوئید کل، آنزیم کاتالاز و پراکسیداز بالاتر از گونه ‏G. mosseae‏ بود. در نهایت نتایج ‏مشخص کرد که استفاده از قارچ میکوریزا در ‏مقایسه ‏با شاهد (بدون تلقیح با قارچ)‏‎ ‎می‎­‎تواند‎ ‎ابزار مناسبی ‏برای بهبود صفات فیزیولوژیکی و فعالیت­های آنتی­اکسیدانی در ‏شرایط تنش کم‎­‎آبی باشد. ‏

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Improving the Antioxidant Activities of Sweet Basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) under the Influence of Different Species of Mycorrhiza under Water Stress

نویسندگان [English]

  • M. Amani 1
  • M. Sabzi-Nojadeh 2
  • S. Alizadeh-Salteh 3
  • M. Younessi Hamzekhanlu 2
  • B. Farmani 4
  • H. Hatef Heris 5
  • Sh. Mohammadian 6
  • S. Piretarighat 6
1 PhD Student in Production and Post-Harvest Physiology of Medicinal Plants, Department of Horticultural ‎Science and Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran.‎
2 Assistant Professor, Department of Horticultural Science and Engineering, Ahar Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
3 Associate Professor, Department of Horticultural Science and Engineering, Orientation of Medicinal Plants, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
4 Assistant Professor, Department of Food Science and Technology, Ahar Faculty of Agriculture and Natural ‎Resource, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
5 Graduated MSc Student, Dept. of Plant Ecophysiology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
6 Graduated from Ahar School of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
چکیده [English]

Introduction
 Medicinal plants have long had a special role in the traditional ‎agricultural system of Iran and the use of these plants as medicine to prevent and treat diseases has been considered by ‎traditional medicine experts since ancient times. Medicinal plants with rich sources of secondary metabolites provide the ‎basic active ingredients of many medicines. Although the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites is genetically controlled, ‎but their construction is strongly influenced by environmental factors. One of the important climatic factors that affect the ‎distribution of plants around the world and can cause morphological, physiological and biochemical changes in the plant is ‎the lack of available water. Basil seems to show little resistance to water stress. For this reason, there is a need for protective mechanisms for the ‎basil plant against stress due to water shortage. Plants are able to reduce or eliminate the effects of water shortage ‎stress by coexisting with a number of soil microorganisms. Inoculation of the plants with Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) has been exploited as an applicable strategy for reducing detrimental effects of water deficit stress. Present study was performed to evaluate the effects of three AMF on some physiological responses of Ocimum basilicum under water deficit stress.
 
Materials and Methods
 The pot experiments were conducted as factorial based on completely randomized design blocks with three replications. The experimental factors were three AMF namely Glomus etunicatum, Glomus mosseae and Glomus intraradices and various soil moisture including severe stress, moderate stress, mild stress. Water stress was applied from the beginning to the end of flowering stage. After flowering stage, plants ‎were harvested and traits such as total phenols and flavonoids, antioxidant ‎capacity (DPPH), malondialdehyde (MDA), catalase and peroxidase enzymes were measured. To analyze the data, first the test of data normality and uniformity of variance within the treatment was performed and confirmed. The mean of treatments was compared by Duncan test at the level of 5% probability. SAS software (Ver. 9.3) was used to analyze the data and Excel software was used to draw the graphs.
 
Results and Discussion
 The results of analysis of variance of the effect of mycorrhiza fungus and soil moisture on the studied parameters show that the effect of different levels of soil moisture on all traits was significant. The results of analysis of variance also showed that the effect of mycorrhiza on phenol and total flavonoids, antioxidant activity, catalase and peroxidase and malondialdehyde was significant at the level of one percent probability. According to the results of analysis of variance, the interaction effect of mycorrhiza on soil moisture on antioxidant activity was significant at 5% probability level and on total phenols and flavonoids, malondialdehyde, catalase and peroxidase at 1% probability level. Results showed that AMFs improve activity of catalase and peroxidase, antioxidant capacity and total phenols which led to decrease malondialdehyde content. Antioxidants as physiologically active compounds play an important role in plant resistance to stress. Increased oxygen species due to dehydration stress are a warning sign for plants and increase the activity of antioxidant enzymes. The plant's defense system increases the production of antioxidant enzymes to neutralize toxic oxygen forms, and fungi improve the intensity of this increase, which may be due to the chemical structure of the metal isoenzymes copper, zinc, and manganese. Factors sent to make antioxidant enzymes also contain the elements zinc and calcium. Mycorrhizal fungi increase the absorption of nutrients by sending more hormonal factors and increasing the activity of enzymes, all of which can be effective in increasing the activity of antioxidant enzymes.
 
Conclusion
 When plants are exposed to dehydration stress, reactive oxygen species in them increase. The expression of antioxidant genes and the activity of antioxidants to eliminate reactive oxygen species are increased and the antioxidant defense system is improved and the tolerance to dehydration stress in the plant is increased. Scientists believe that peroxidase is involved in metabolic processes such as hormone catabolism, defense against pathogens, phenol oxidation, binding to cell structural proteins and cell wall polysaccharides. Present study revealed that application of AMFs can be good strategy for reducing harmful effects of water deficit stress in plants. Research has also shown that impregnating seeds with mycorrhiza increases antioxidants and reduces the amount of reactive oxygen species, a characteristic of resistance induction that occurs by this antagonist.   ‎
   ‎

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Catalase enzyme
  • Dehydration
  • Flavonoid
  • Peroxidase enzyme
  • Total phenol

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  • تاریخ دریافت: 15 فروردین 1401
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 22 تیر 1401
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 23 مرداد 1401
  • تاریخ اولین انتشار: 23 مرداد 1401

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