تأثیر ملاتونین بر برخی ویژگی‌های فیزیولوژیکی و مورفولوژیکی گشنیز (Coriandrum sativum L.) و شوید (Anethum graveolens L.) تحت شرایط تنش شوری

نوع مقاله : مقالات پژوهشی

نویسندگان

• میلاد چراغی ¹
• علی اصغر حاتم نیا ¹
• فردین قنبری ²

¹ گروه زیست شناسی، دانشکده علوم پایه، دانشگاه ایلام، ایلام، ایران

² گروه علوم باغبانی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه ایلام، ایلام، ایران

https://doi.org/10.22067/jhs.2022.78109.1189

چکیده

دو گونه دارویی گشنیز (Coriandrum sativum L.) و شوید (Anethum graveolens L.) گیاهانی علفی و یکساله از خانواده چتریان هستند که کاربردهای متعددی در صنایع دارویی و غذایی دارند. ملاتونین در گیاهان به­عنوان محرک زیستی یا مولکول تحریک­کننده رشد مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفته است و موجب افزایش تحمل به تنش­های زنده و غیرزنده و بهبود رشد و توسعه گیاه می­شود. این پژوهش در قالب آزمایشی فاکتوریل بر پایه طرح بلوک­های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در گلخانه تحقیقاتی دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه ایلام در سال 1400 انجام شد. تیمارهای آزمایشی شامل پنج سطح شوری (صفر، 40، 80، 120 و 160 میلی­مولار) و دو سطح محلول­پاشی برگی ملاتونین (صفر و 100 میکرومولار) است. مقایسه میانگین داده­ها نشان داد که با افزایش سطح تنش شوری کاهش معنی­داری در سطح احتمال 5 درصد در پارامترهای اندازه­گیری شده در دو گیاه گشنیز و شوید مشاهده شده است. با این حال، کاربرد ملاتونین سبب کاهش اثرات منفی تنش شوری در دو گیاه شده است، به­طوری­که در سطح شوری 160 میلی­مولار کلرید سدیم کاربرد ملاتونین به ترتیب سبب افزایش 6 و 61/3 برابری وزن تر و خشک شاخساره گیاه گشنیز شده است. نتایج حاصل از تجزیه واریانس داده­ها نشان داد که ملاتونین اثر معنی­داری در سطح احتمال 1 و 5 درصد بر روی همه پارامترهای مورفولوژیکی و فیزیولوژیکی اندازه­گیری شده در هر دو گیاه دارد. گونه، تنش شوری، ملاتونین و اثرات متقابل آنها دارای تاًثیر معنی­داری در سطح احتمال 1 درصد بر روی میزان پرولین و فنل کل بوده است. نتایج نشان داد که با افزایش سطح شوری میزان پروتئین کل در هر دو گیاه گشنیز و شوید کاهش یافته است، ولی میزان این کاهش در نمونه­هایی که تحت تیمار ملاتونین قرار گرفته بودند کمتر می­باشد. در گیاه گشنیز میزان کاهش پروتئین کل در سطح شوری 160 میلی­مولار نسبت به شاهد 31/42 درصد می­باشد ولی این کاهش در نمونه­هایی که تحت تیمار ملاتونین قرار گرفتند 9/28 درصد بود. به­طور­کلی می­توان گفت که کاربرد خارجی ملاتونین سبب تعدیل اثرات منفی تنش شوری شده و بنابراین می­توان از ملاتونین جهت بهبود رشد گیاهان تحت تنش استفاده کرد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

• پروتئین کل
• پرولین
• رنگیزه‌های کلروفیل
• فنل کل

20.1001.1.20084730.1402.37.2.19.5

موضوعات

• سبزیکاری

عنوان مقاله [English]

The Effect of Melatonin on Some Physiological and Morphological Characteristics of Coriandrum sativum L. and Anethum graveolens L. under Salt Stress

نویسندگان [English]

• Milad Cheraghi ¹
• Ali Asghar Hatamnia ¹
• Fardin Ghanbari ²

¹ Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ilam University, Ilam, Iran

² Department of Horticultural Sciences, Ilam University, Ilam, Iran

چکیده [English]

Introduction
     Salinity is the most important environmental parameter limiting plant growth and productivity. The detrimental effects of high salinity on plants can be observed at the whole-plant level as the death of plants and/or decreases in productivity. Increasing salinity is accompanied by significant reductions in number of leaves per plant, shoot weight, root weight, shoot length, and root length. With an increase in salinity, water potential and osmotic potential of plants become more negative. Two medicinal species of Coriandrum sativum L. and Anethum graveolens L. are herbaceous and annual plants of the Apiaceae family, which have many uses in the pharmaceutical and food industries. Considering the importance of these two medicinal species and the increase of environmental stresses including salinity stress in recent years, this research aims to investigate the effect of external application of melatonin on resistance to salinity stress in Coriandrum sativum L. and Anethum graveolens L. species and its effect on some morphological and physiological characteristics of these two species under salt stress.
 
Materials and Methods
     This research was conducted in a factorial experimental format based on a randomized complete block design with three replications. Experimental treatments include five levels of salinity (0, 40, 80, 120 and 160 mM) and two levels of melatonin foliar spraying (0 and 100 μM). After the end of the treatment period, the morphological and physiological characteristics of the plant were measured by the different methods. Data analyses were performed using SPSS software version 20. Results were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Tukey’s multiple comparison test. The results were expressed as mean values and standard error (SE) of the means.
 
Results and Discussion
     The results of variance analysis indicated that species, melatonin and salinity stress have a significant effect on all morphological factors at the p < 0.05. The results of compare means showed that the number of leaves in both plants has a significant decrease at the probability level of 5% with the increase in salinity. However, the amount of this decrease in the samples that have been affected by melatonin is lower than the samples without melatonin. The use of melatonin has reduced the negative effects of salinity stress in two plants, so that at the salinity level of 160 mM sodium chloride, the use of melatonin has increased the fresh and dry weight of coriandrum sativum L. shoots by 7 and 3.61 times, respectively. The results of variance analysis showed that melatonin and salinity stress have a significant effect on all pigments. The results shown that with the increase in the level of salinity stress, a significant decrease (p < 0.05) was observed in the amount of chlorophyll and anthocyanin pigments of two species. The results of variance analysis showed that species and melatonin have a significant effect at the p < 0.01 on all physiological parameters, and salt stress has a significant effect at the p < 0.01 on all the physiological parameters except of relative water content. Also, the interaction effects of species with salinity, species with melatonin, melatonin with salinity and the interaction of all three factors have a significant effect at the 1% probability level on the parameters of proline and total phenol.With the increase in salinity, the amount of total protein in both species decreased, but the amount of this decrease was lower in the plants that were treated with melatonin. In coriandrum sativum L. plant, the amount of total protein reduction at 160 mM salinity level is 42.31% compared to the control, but this reduction was 28.9% in the plants that were treated with melatonin. Also, in the Anethum graveolens L., the amount of total protein reduction at the salinity level of 160 mM was 29.78% and 21.06% respectively, in the samples without melatonin treatment and under melatonin treatment.
 
Conclusions
     The results of variance analysis of the data showed that melatonin has a significant effect at the probability level of 1 and 5% on all morphological and physiological parameters measured in both plants. Also, the compare means showed that with the increase in the level of salinity stress, a significant decrease in the probability level of 5% was observed in the parameters measured in two plants. In general, the external application of melatonin moderates the negative effects of salinity stress, and therefore melatonin can be used to improve the growth of plants under stress.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

• Chlorophyll pigments
• Proline
• Total protein
• Total phenol

مراجع

1. Aftab, T., Khan, M.M.A., da Silva, J.A.T., Idrees, M., Naeem, M., & Moinuddin. (2011). Role of salicylic acid in promoting salt stress tolerance and enhanced artemisinin production in Artemisia annuaJournal of Plant Growth Regulation, 30, 425-435. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00344-011-9205-0
2. Akbari Quzhi, E., Izadi Darbandi, A., Borzoi, A., & Majd Abadi, A. (2010). An investigation on morphologic changes in Wheat (Triticum aestivum) genotype on salinity condition. Journal Science Technology Greenhouse Culture,4, 71-82.
3. Arnao, M.B., & Hernández-Ruiz, J. (2014). Melatonin: plant growth regulator and/or biostimulator during stress? Trends in Plant Science, 19(12), 789-797. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tplants.2014.07.006
4. Arnao, M.B., & Hernández-Ruiz, J. (2017). Growth activity, rooting capacity, and tropism: three auxinic precepts fulfilled by melatonin. Acta Physiologiae Plantarum, 39, 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1080/07352680490433286.
5. Ashraf, , & Harris, P.J.C. (2005). Abiotic stresses: plant resistance through breeding and molecular approaches. Haworth Press. New York.
6. Azari, A., Sanavi, S.M., Askari, H., Ghanati, F., Naji, A.M., & Alizadeh, B. (2012). Effect of salt stress on morphological and physiological traits of two species of rapeseed (Brassica napus and B. rapa). Iranian Journal of Crop Sciences, 14(2), 121-135. (In Persian with English abstract)
7. Bates, L.S., Waldren, R.A., & Teare, I.D. (1973). Rapid determination of free proline for water-stress studies. Plant and Soil, 39, 205-207. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00018060
8. Bradford, M.M. (1976). A rapid and sensitive method for the quantitation of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein-dye binding. Analytical Biochemistry, 72(1-2), 248-254. https://doi.org/10.1006/abio.1976.9999
9. Bruce, W.B., Edmeades, G.O., & Barker, T.C. (2002). Molecular and physiological approaches to maize improvement for drought tolerance. Journal of Experimental Botany, 53(366), 13-25. https://doi.org/10.1093/jexbot/53.366.13
10. Bybordi, A. (2012). Study effect of salinity on some physiologic and morphologic properties of two grape cultivars. Life Science Journal, 9(4), 1092-1101.
11. Campos, C.N., Ávila, R.G., de Souza, K.R.D., Azevedo, L.M., & Alves, J.D. (2019). Melatonin reduces oxidative stress and promotes drought tolerance in young Coffea arabica plants. Agricultural Water Management, 211, 37-47. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2018.09.025
12. Chartzoulakis, K., & Klapaki, G. (2000). Response of two greenhouse pepper hybrids to NaCl salinity during different growth stages. Scientia Horticulturae, 86(3), 247-260. https://doi.org/1016/S0304-4238(00)00151-5
13. Colom, M.R., & Vazzana, C. (2003). Photosynthesis and PSII functionality of drought-resistant and drought-sensitive weeping lovegrass plants. Environmental and Experimental Botany, 49(2), 135-144. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0098-8472(02)00065-5.
14. Debouba, M., Gouia, H., Valadier, M.H., Ghorbel, M.H., & Suzuki, A. (2006). Salinity-induced tissue-specific diurnal changes in nitrogen assimilatory enzymes in tomato seedlings grown under high or low nitrate medium. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, 44(5-6), 409-419. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.plaphy.2006.06.017
15. Dongxiao, L.I., Zhang, D., Hongguang, W.A.N.G., Yanming, L.I., & Ruiqi, L.I. (2017). Physiological response of plants to polyethylene glycol (PEG-6000) by exogenous melatonin application in wheat. Zemdirbyste-Agriculture, 104(3). https://doi.org/10.13080/z-a.2017.104.028
16. Abd El-Ghany, M.F., & Attia, M. (2020). Effect of exopolysaccharide-producing bacteria and melatonin on faba bean production in saline and non-saline soil. Agronomy, 10(3), 316. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy10030316
17. Esandari, M., Saadati, S., Panahi, Sh., Akhbarfar, Gh., & Ghobadi, A. (2017). Effect of methyl jasmonate on some biochemical and physiological parameters of Coriandrum sativum under salinity stress. Journal of Plant Process and Function, 8(30), 243-256. (In Persian with English abstract)
18. Farouk, S., & Al-Amri, S.M. (2019). Ameliorative roles of melatonin and/or zeolite on chromium-induced leaf senescence in marjoram plants by activating antioxidant defense, osmolyte accumulation, and ultrastructural modification. Industrial Crops and Products, 142, 111823. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2019.111823
19. Gao, W., Feng, Z., Bai, Q., He, J., & Wang, Y. (2019). Melatonin-mediated regulation of growth and antioxidant capacity in salt-tolerant naked oat under salt stress. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 20(5), 1176. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms20051176
20. Grzeszczuk, M., Salachna, P., & Meller, E. (2018). Changes in photosynthetic pigments, total phenolic content, and antioxidant activity of Salvia coccinea Buc’hoz Ex Etl. induced by exogenous salicylic acid and soil salinity. Molecules, 23(6), 1296.  https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules23061296
21. Janas, K.M., & Posmyk, M.M. (2013). Melatonin, an underestimated natural substance with great potential for agricultural application. Acta Physiologiae Plantarum, 35, 3285-3292. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11738-013-1372-0
22. Jiang, Ch., Cui, Q., Feng, K., Xu, D., Li, Ch., & Zheng, Q. (2016). Melatonin improves antioxidant capacity and ion homeostasis and enhances salt tolerance in maize seedlings. Acta Physiologiae Plantarum 38(4), 82. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11738-016-2101-2
23. Kabiri, R., Hatami, A., Oloomi, H., Naghizadeh, M., Nasibi, F., & Tahmasebi, Z. (2018). Study the effect of melatonin on early growth and some physiological and germination characteristics of seed and Moldavian balm (Dracocephalum moldavica) seedling under osmotic stress. Iranian Journal of Seed Science and Technology, 7(1). (In Persian with English abstract)
24. Kaya, C., Higgs, D., & Kirnak, H. (2001). The effects of high salinity (NaCl) and supplementary phosphorus and potassium on physiology and nutrition development of spinach.  Journal Plant Physiology, 27(3-4), 47-59.
25. Levitt, (1980). Responses of plants to environmental stresses. Academic Press, New York.
26. Li, C., Tan, D.X., Liang, D., Chang, C., Jia, D., & Ma, F. (2015). Melatonin mediates the regulation of ABA metabolism, free-radical scavenging, and stomatal behaviour in two Malus species under drought stress. Journal of Experimental Botany, 66(3), 669-680. https://doi.org/10.1093/jxb/eru476
27. Li, X., Yu, B., Cui, Y., & Yin, Y. (2017). Melatonin application confers enhanced salt tolerance by regulating Na+ and Cl− accumulation in rice. Plant Growth Regulation, 83, 441-454. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10725-017-0310-3
28. Liang, D., Ni, Z., Xia, H., Xie, Y., Lv, X., Wang, J., & Luo, X. (2019). Exogenous melatonin promotes biomass accumulation and photosynthesis of kiwifruit seedlings under drought stress. Scientia Horticulturae, 246, 34-43. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2018.10.058
29. Linchenthaler, H.R., & Wellburn, A.R. (1983). Determination of total carotenoides and clorophyll a and b of leaf extracts in diferent solventes. Biochemical Society Transactions, 11, 1591-1592. https://doi.org/10.1042/bst0110591
30. Lutts, S., Kinet, J.M., & Bouharmont, J. (1996). NaCl-induced senescence in leaves of rice (Oryza sativa) cultivars differing in salinity resistance. Annals of Botany, 78(3), 389-398. https://doi.org/10.1006/anbo.1996.0134
31. Mahran, G.H., Kadry, H.A., Thabet, C.K., El-Olemy, M.M., Al-Azizi, M.M., Schiff, P.L., & Liv, N. (1992). GC/MS analysis of volatile oil of fruits of Anethum graveolens. International Journal of Pharmacognosy, 30(2), 139-144. https://doi.org/10.3109/13880209209053978
32. Munns, R. (2005). Genes and salt tolerance: bringing them together. New Phytologist, 167(3), 645-663. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8137.2005.01487.x
33. Murch, J., & Saxena, P.K. (2002). Mammalian neurohormones: potential significance in reproductive physiology of St. John's wort (Hypericum perforatum L.)? Naturwissenschaften, 89(12), 555-560. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00114-002-0376-1
34. Najafi Marghmaleki, , Mortazavi, S.M.H., & Moallemi, N. (2016). The effects of salinity on vegetative growth physiology yield properties and fruit quality of strawberry cv. Camarosa. Plant Production Technology, 8, 147-161. (In Persian with English abstract)
35. Najafi, N., & Sarhangzadeh, E. (2012). Effect of NaCl salinity and soil waterlogging on growth characteristics of forage corn in greenhouse conditions. Journal of Soil and Plant Interactions, 3, 1-15. (In Persian)
36. Nastari Nasrabadi, H., & Saberali, S.F. (2020). Effect of polyethylene glycol pretreatment and melatonin on clod resistance of ‘Khatoni’ melon (Cucumis melo) transplant. Journal of Horticultural Science, 34(3), 481-491. (In Persian with English abstract)
37. Oloumi, , Nasibi, H., & Mozaffari, H. (2018). Investigation of the growth rate and secondary metabolites content of Lepidium sativum under exogenous melatonin treatment. Journal of Nova Biologica Reperta, 5(2), 144-154. (In Persian with English abstract)
38. Omidbaigi, (2000). Approaches to production and processing of medicinal plants. AstaneQuds Razavi Publication, Tehran.
39. Parida, K., & Das, A.B. (2005). Salt tolerance and salinity effects on plants: A review. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 60(3), 324-349. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2004.06.010
40. Park, , & Back, K. (2012). Melatonin promotes seminal root elongation and root growth in transgenic rice after germination. Journal of Pineal Research, 53(4), 385-389. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-079X.2012.01008.x
41. Porra, R.J. (2002). The chequered history of the development and use of simultaneous equations for the accurate determination of chlorophylls a and b. Photosynthesis Research, 73, 149-156. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1020470224740
42. Ranjan, , Bohra, S.P., & Jeet, A.M. (2001). Book of plant senescence. Jodhpur Agrobios New York.
43. Sefidkon, F. (2001). Essential oil of the aerial parts and fruits of Coriandrum Sativum. Iranian Journal of Medicinal and Plants, 13, 71-87. (In Persian with English abstract)
44. Sims, A., & Gamon, J.A. (2002). Relationships between leaf pigment content and spectral reflectance across a wide range of species, leaf structures and developmental stages. Remote Sensing of Environment, 81, 337-354. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0034-4257(02)00010-X
45. Singh, A.K. (2004). The physiology of salt tolerance in four genotypes of chickpea during germination. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, 6, 87-93.
46. Singleton, V.L., & Rossi, J.A. (1965). Colorimetry of total phenolics with phosphomolybdic-phosphotungstic acid reagents. American Journal of Enology and Viticulture, 16, 144-158.
47. Strain, H.H., & Svec, W.A. (1966). Extraction, separation, estimation and isolation of chlorophylls. Academic press. New York.
48. Tan, D.X., Hardeland, R., Manchester, L.C., Korkmaz, A., Ma, S., Rosales-Corral, S., & Reiter, R.J. (2012). Functional roles of melatonin in plants, and perspectives in nutritional and agricultural science. Journal of Experimental Botany, 63(2), 577-597. https://doi.org/10.1093/jxb/err256
49. Turan, , & Tripathy, B. (2014). Salt-stress induced modulation of chlorophyll biosynthesis during de-etiolation of rice seedlings. Physiologia Plantarum, 153(3), 477-491. https://doi.org/10.1111/ppl.12250
50. Turk, H., Erdal, S., Genisel, M., Atici, O., Demir, Y., & Yanmis, D. (2014). The regulatory effect of melatonin on physiological, biochemical and molecular parameters in cold-stressed wheat seedlings. Plant Growth Regulation, 74, 139-152. https://doi.org/1007/s10725-014-9905-0
51. Wang, L.Y., Liu, J.L., Wang, W.X., & Sun, Y. (2016). Exogenous melatonin improves growth and photosynthetic capacity of cucumber under salinity-induced stress. Photosynthetica, 54, 19-27. https://doi.org/1007/s11099-015-0140-3
52. Wang, P., Sun, X., Xie, Y., Li, M., Chen, W., Zhang, S., & Ma, F. (2014). Melatonin regulates proteomic changes during leaf senescence in Malus hupehensis. Journal of Pineal Research, 57(3), 291-307. https:doi.org/1111/jpi.12169
53. Wang, Y.L., Wang, X.D., Zhao, B., & Wang, Y.C. (2007). Reduction of hyperhydricity in the culture of Lepidium meyenii shoots by the addition of rare earth elements. Plant Growth Regulation, 52, 151-159. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10725-007-9185-z
54. Xu, X.D., Sun, Y., Sun, B., Zhang, J., & Guo, X.Q. (2010). Effects of exogenous melatonin on active oxygen metabolism of cucumber seedlings under high temperature stress. Ying Yong Sheng tai xue bao= The Journal of Applied Ecology, 21(5), 1295-1300.
55. Zare zeinali, M., nasibi, F., Manuchehri Kalantari, K., & Ahmadi Mousavi, E. (2020). Effect of melatonin premedication on some physiological parameters and reduction of oxidative stress in Tagetes etecta seedlings under salt stress. Journal of Plant Process and Function, 9(35), 115-125. (In Persian with English abstract)
56. Zhang, H.J., Zhang, N.A., Yang, R.C., Wang, L., Sun, Q.Q., Li, D.B., & Guo, Y.D. (2014). Melatonin promotes seed germination under high salinity by regulating antioxidant systems, ABA and GA 4 interaction in cucumber (Cucumis sativus). Journal of Pineal Research, 57(3), 269-279. https://doi.org/10.1111/jpi.12167
57. Zhang, N., Sun, Q., Zhang, H., Cao, Y., Weeda, S., Ren, S., & Guo, Y.D. (2015). Roles of melatonin in abiotic stress resistance in plants. Journal of Experimental Botany, 66(3), 647-656. https://doi.org/10.1093/jxb/eru336
58. Zhang, N., Zhao, B., Zhang, H.J., Weeda, S., Yang, C., Yang, Z.C., & Guo, Y.D. (2013). Melatonin promotes water‐stress tolerance, lateral root formation, and seed germination in cucumber (Cucumis sativus). Journal of Pineal Research, 54(1), 15-23. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-079X.2012.01015.x
59. Zhang, Y.P., Xu, S., Yang, S.J., & Chen, Y.Y. (2017). Melatonin alleviates cold-induced oxidative damage by regulation of ascorbate–glutathione and proline metabolism in melon seedlings (Cucumis melo). The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology, 92(3), 313-324. https://doi.org/10.1080/14620316.2016.1266915
60. Zou, J.N., Jin, X.J., Zhang, Y.X., Ren, C.Y., Zhang, M.C., & Wang, M.X. (2019). Effects of melatonin on photosynthesis and soybean seed growth during grain filling under drought stress. Photosynthetica, 57(2), 512-520. https://doi.org/10.32615/ps.2019.066