نوع مقاله : مقالات پژوهشی
نویسندگان
گروه علوم باغبانی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه ارومیه، ارومیه، ایران
چکیده
توتفرنگی یکی از میوههایی است که بهدلیل رنگ، شکل، عطر و طعم آن معروف و بهدلیل محتوای بالای ترکیبات فعال زیستی مانند ویتامین C، ویتامین E، بتا کاروتن و آنتوسیانینها، یکی از مهمترین میوهها از نظر اقتصادی در سراسر جهان میباشد اما این میوه در برابر بیماریها و پوسیدگی بسیار آسیبپذیر است. یکی از چالشهای مهم جهانی ضایعات مواد غذایی است. از ترکیبات شیمیایی نظیر اسیدهای آمینه میتوان جهت افزایش ماندگاری پس از برداشت بهعنوان یک تیمار مناسب استفاده کرد. در این پژوهش اثر تیمار پس از برداشت ال_فنیلآلانین در غلظتهای (صفر، 4 و 8 میلیمولار) و زمان انبارمانی (5، 10 و 15 روز) بر خصوصیات فیزیکوشیمیایی میوه توتفرنگی رقم ̓سابرینا̒ طی مدت انبارمانی بهصورت آزمایش فاکتوریل در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی با سه تکرار مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. بر اساس نتایج حاصله، بیشترین مقدار شاخص رنگ b* در تیمار 4 میلیمولار، مواد جامد محلول (تیمار 8 میلیمولار)، شاخص طعم (تیمار 4 میلیمولار)، ظرفیت آنتیاکسیدانی (تیمار 4 میلیمولار) و محتوی فنل کل (تیمار 8 میلیمولار) بود. همچنین کمترین درصد کاهش وزن و کاهش سفتی در تیمار 4 میلیمولار مشاهده شد. بطور کلی نتایج بدست آمده نشان داد که میتوان از تیمار 4 میلیمولار ال-فنیلآلانین بهعنوان مناسبترین غلظت برای افزایش ماندگاری پس از برداشت توتفرنگی رقم ̓سابرینا̒ استفاده نمود.
کلیدواژهها
موضوعات
عنوان مقاله [English]
Postharvest L-phenylalanine Application on Shelf life and Physicochemical Characteristics of Sabrina Strawberry During Cold Storage
نویسندگان [English]
- Karim Manda-Hakki
- Hamid Hassanpour
Department of Horticultural Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
چکیده [English]
Introduction
One of the most important global challenges is food waste, about 30% of the world's agricultural land is wasted. Every year, about 9.5 million tons of food is lost in the post-harvest phase of agriculture. Therefore, storage technology is very important to increase shelf life, preserve nutrition and maintain the taste of fresh products. Storing strawberry fruits at an inappropriate temperature after harvesting significantly increases weight loss, rotting and softening. L-phenylalanine as an amino acid is used for the biosynthesis of all phenolic compounds through the phenylpropanoid pathway. In recent years, the application of exogenous phenylalanine has been considered for use as a biologically safe molecule to maintain the postharvest quality of many horticultural crops. L-phenylalanine treatment has been reported to reduce the frost damage of plum fruit during cold storage by maintaining membrane integrity and improving reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging capacity. The treated fruit showed a higher DPPH inhibition capacity by increasing the accumulation of phenolic compounds and antioxidant enzyme activity. Aghdam et al. (2019) also reported that application of L-phenylalanine significantly reduced cold damage, membrane lipid peroxidation and ROS accumulation in tomato fruits during cold storage.
Materials and Methods
Strawberry fruits were obtained from a commercial greenhouse located in Urmia at full maturity stage. The fruits were transported to the laboratory of the Department of Horticultural Sciences in Urmia University with necessary precautions to prevent any mechanical damage to the product. The fruits were separated in terms of size and uniformity, so that the fruits were divided into 3 groups, one group as a control group and 2 groups were treated with concentrations of L-phenylalanine (4 and 8 mM). After drying the treated fruits, they were placed in zipped nylon bags and kept in a cold room for 15 days at a temperature of 3 ± 0.5 °C and a relative humidity of 90-95%. Also, three biological replicates at each time point were included in the analysis. The samples obtained at each of these times were used to evaluate skin color, titratable acidity, soluble solids, taste index, pH, weight loss, firmness, antioxidant capacity, total phenol content, and polyphenol oxidase enzyme activity.
Results and Discussion
The results showed that the effect of post-harvest treatment, storage time, and the interaction between them were statistically significant on all of the traits. In terms of color changes, the effect of post-harvest treatment (p≤0.05) was significant only in b* index, and the highest rate was observed in the 4 Phe treatment. The effect of storage time was also significant in a* and Chroma indices (p≤0.05) and the highest level was observed in both of these indices at day 5. The effect of storage time was also significant in TA (p≤0.01), the highest value was observed in day 10. In antioxidant capacity (p≤0.05), TSS (p≤0.05) and taste index (p≤0.01), the interaction effect between storage time and Phe treatment was significant. In antioxidant capacity, the highest percentage of DPPH inhibition was observed in day 10 and 4 Phe treatment, in TSS, the highest rate was observed on day 10 and 8 Phe treatment, and in taste index, the highest rate was observed on day 15 and 4 Phe treatment. The effect of post-harvest Phe treatment and storage period on fruit weight loss was significant (p≤0.05) and (p≤0.01) respectively, and the lowest percentage of weight loss was observed in Phe 4 and day 5. In terms of firmness and total phenol content, only the effect of Phe treatment was significant (p≤0.05) and (p≤0.01), respectively, the highest level of firmness in the 4 Phe treatment and the highest amount of total phenol content in the 8 Phe treatment were observed. In the PPO enzyme, only the effect of storage time (p≤0.05) was significant.
Conclusion
According to the obtained results, the 4 Phe treatment is the best concentration of phenylalanine to increase the shelf life of harvested strawberry fruits under cold storage.
کلیدواژهها [English]
- Amino acid
- Fruit firmness
- Titratable acid
- Total phenol
©2024 The author(s). This is an open access article distributed under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0).
- Aghdam, M.S., Moradi, M., Razavi, F., & Rabiei, V. (2019). Exogenous phenylalanine application promotes chilling tolerance in tomato fruits during cold storage by ensuring supply of NADPH for activation of ROS scavenging systems. Scientia Horticulturae, 246, 818-25. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2018.11.074
- Ahmadkhani, S., Soleimani, A., Razavi, F., & Khairi, A. (2023). The effect of post-harvest phenylalanine treatment on the physicochemical properties of cranberries during storage. Journal of Iranian Horticultural Sciences, 53(2), 295-308. (In Persian). https://doi.org/10.22059/ijhs.2022.325698.1943
- Akhond, M., Heidarizadeh, F., & Kolahi, M. (2022). Comparative study of qualitative and chemical characteristics of Camarosa and Parus strawberry cultivars during 15 days of storage. Developmental Biology, 14(2), 43-52. https://doi.org/10.30495/jdb.2022.1941563.1270
- Akhtar, A., Abbasi, N.A., & Hussain, A. (2010). Effect of calcium chloride treatments on quality characteristics of loguat fruit during storage. Pakistan Journal of Botany, 42, 181–188.
- Aminifard, M., Aroiee, H., Azizi, M., Nemati, H., & Jaafar, H. (2013). Effect of compost on antioxidant components and fruit quality of sweet pepper (Capsicum annuum ). Journal of Central European Agriculture, 14(2), 525-534. https://doi.org/10.5513/JCEA01/14.2.1232
- Asghari, M., Azarsharif, Z., Tajik, H., & Farrokhzad, A. (2019). Effect of galbanum gum coating combined with cumin essential oil and calcium chloride on quality and shelf life of sweet cherry (cv. Siah Mashhad). Journal of Horticultural Science, 32(4), 665-680. (In Persian). https://doi.org/10.22059/ijhs.2023.343066.2028
- Bishop, G., Styles, D., & Lens, P.N.L. (2021). Environmental performance of bioplastic packaging on fresh food produce: a consequential life cycle assessment. Journal of Cleaner Production, 317, 128377. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2021.128377
- Bradford, M. (1976). A rapid and sensitive method for the quantization of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein-dye binding. Analytical Biochemistry, 72, 248-254. https://doi.org/10.1006/abio.1976.9999
- Brizzolara, S., Manganaris, G.A., Fotopoulos, V., Watkins, C.B., & Tonutti, P. (2020). Primary metabolism in fresh fruits during storage. Frontiers Plant Science, 11, 1–16. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2020.00080
- Bustamante, C.A., Monti, L.L., Gabilondo, J., Scossa, F., Valentini, G., Budde, C.O., & Drincovich, M.F. (2016). Differential metabolic rearrangements after cold storage are correlated with chilling injury resistance of peach fruits. Frontiers in Plant Science, 7(September), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2016.01478
- Cerdna, M., Snchez Snchez, A., Oliver, M., Juarez, M., & Snchez Andreu, J.J. (2009). Effect of foliar and root applications of amino acids on iron uptake by tomato plants. Acta Horticulturae, 830, 481-488. https://doi.org/10.17660/ActaHortic.2009.830.68
- Chen, J., Mao, L., Mi, H., Zhao, Y., Ying, T., & Luo, Z. (2014). Detachment-accelerated ripening and senescence of strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa cv. Akihime) fruit and the regulation role of multiple phytohormones. Acta Physiologiae Plantarum, 36(9), 2441–2451. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11738-014-1617-6
- Chu, Y., Gao, C.C., Liu, X., Zhang, N., Xu, T., Feng, X., Yang, Y., Shen, X., & Tang, X. (2020). Improvement of storage quality of strawberries by pullulan coatings incorporated with cinnamon essential oil nanoemulsion. In: LWT, 122, 109054. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lwt.2020.109054
- Daraei Garmakhany, A., Mirzaei, H., & Shakarami, K. (2021). Investigation of the effect of flower and leaf ethanolic extract of Humulus lupulus plant on the shelf life and quality attributes of strawberry fruits. Journal of Food Science and Technology (Iran), 17(109), 75-90. (In Persian). https://doi.org/10.52547/fsct.17.109.75
- Davarpanah, J., Kiasat, A.R., Noorizadeh, S., & Ghahremani M. (2013). Nano magnetic double-charged diazoniabicyclo [2.2.2] octane dichloride silica hybrid: Synthesis, characterization, and application as an efficient and reusable organic–inorganic hybrid silica with ionic liquid framework for one-pot synthesis of pyran annulated heterocyclic compounds in water. Journal of Molecular Catalysis A: Chemical, 376, 78–89. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molcata.2013.04.020
- Du, G., Li, M., Ma, F., & Liang, D. (2009). Antioxidant capacity and the relationship with polyphenol and vitamin C in Actinidia Food Chemistry, 113, 557-562. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2008.08.025
- Erkan, M., & Selcuk, N. (2015). The effects of 1-MCP treatment on fruit quality of medlar fruit (Mespilus germanica cv. Istanbul) during long term storage in the palliflex storage system. Postharvest Biology and Technology, 100, 81–90. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.postharvbio.2014.09.018
- Faz, F.N., Mirdehghan, S.H., Karimi, H., & Alaei, H. (2016). Eeffect of thymol and menthol essential oils combined with packaging with celofan on the maintenance of postharvest quality of strawberry cv. Parus. Iranian Journal of Horticultural Science, 47(1), 81-91. (In Persian). https://doi.org/10.22059/ijhs.2016.58214
- Garde-Cerdan, T., Santamaría, P., Rubio-Breton, P., Gonzalez-Arenzana, L., Lopez-Alfaro, I., & Lopez, R. (2014). Foliar application of proline, phenylalanine, and urea to tempranillo vines: Effect on grape volatile composition and comparison with the use of commercial nitrogen fertilizers. LWT Food Science and Technology, 60, 684-689. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lwt.2014.10.028
- Ghasemnezhad, M., Nezhad, M.A., & Gerailoo, S. (2011). Changes in postharvest quality of loquat (Eriobotrya japonica) fruits influenced by chitosan. Horticulture, Environment, and Biotechnology, 52(1), 40-45. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13580-011-0028-5
- Gol, N.B., Patel, P.R., & Rao, T.V.R. (2013). Improvement of quality and shelf-life of strawberries with edible coatings enriched with chitosan. Postharvest Biology Technology, 85, 185–195. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.postharvbio.2013.06.008
- Holler, M., Alberdi-Cedeno, J., Aunon-Lopez, A., Pointner, T., Martínez-Yusta, A., Konig, J., & Pignitter, M. (2023). Polylactic acid as a promising sustainable plastic packaging for edible oils. Food Packag. Shelf Life 36. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fpsl.2023.101051
- Hong, K., Gong, D., Xu, H., Wang, S., Jia, Z., Chen, J., & Zhang, L. (2014). Effects of salicylic acid and nitric oxide pretreatment on the expression of genes involved in the ethylene signaling pathway and the quality of postharvest mango fruit. New Zealand Journal of Crop and Horticultural Science, 42, 205-216. https://doi.org/10.1080/01140671.2014.892012
- Jalili Marandi, R. (2013). Postharvest physiology (handling and storage of fruits, vegetables, ornamental plants and medicinal plants). 4nd Ed., Jahad University Press, West Azerbaijan Branch, 624 P. (In Persian)
- Khalifa, H., Barakat, H.A., El-mansy, S.A., & Soliman, S.A. (2016). Effect of chitosan–olive oil processing residues coatings on keeping quality of cold-storage strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa var. Festival). 39, 504–515. https://doi.org/10.1111/jfq.12213
- Khoshghalb, H., Arzani, K., Tavakoli, A., Malakouti, M.J., & Barzegar, M. (2008). Quality of some Asian pear (Pyrus serotina ) fruit in relation to pre-harvest CaCl2, Zn and B sprays, harvest time, ripening and storage conditions. Acta Horticulturae, 800, 1027-1034. https://doi.org/10.17660/ActaHortic.2008.800.140
- Kumar Patel, M., Maurer, D., Feygenberg, O., Ovadia, A., & Elad, Y. (2020). Oren-Shamir, M.; Alkan, N. Phenylalanine: A promising inducer of fruit resistance to postharvest pathogens. Foods, 9, 646. https://doi.org/10.3390%2Ffoods9050646
- Meng, X., Li, B., Liu, J., & Tina, S. (2007). Physiological responses and quality attributes of table grape fruit to chitosan preharvest spray and postharvest coating during storage. Food Chemistry, 106, 501-508. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2007.06.012
- Mo, Y., Gong, D., Liang, G., Han, R., Xie, J., & Li, W. (2008). Enhanced preservation effects of sugar apple fruits by salicylic acid treatment during postharvest storage. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 88, 2693-2699. https://doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.3395
- Mohseni, F., Pakkish, Z., & Panahi, B. (2015). The role of foliar application of amino acids on vegetative and reproductive characteristics of strawberry (Fragaria× ananassa) cultivar Parous. M.Sc. Thesis. Faculty of Agriculture, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Iran. (In Persian)
- Najafi, R., Barzegar, T., Razavi, F., & Gharmani, Z. (2021). The effect of post-harvest treatments of phenylalanine and hydrogen sulfide on maintaining the quality and increasing the storage life of eggplant fruit (Solanum melongena). Journal of Horticultural Sciences (Agricultural Sciences and Industries), 34(4), 717-705. (In Persian). https://doi.org/10.22067/jhorts4.v34i4.87237
- Nakajima, J.I., Tanaka, I., Seo, S., Yamazaki, M., & Saito, K. (2004). LC/PDA/ESI-MS profiling and radical scavenging activity of anthocyanins in various berries. Biomed Research International, 241-247. https://doi.org/10.1155%2FS1110724304404045
- Patel, M.K., Fanyuk, M., Feyngenberg, O., Maurer, D., Sela, N., Ovadia, R., Orenshamir, M., & Alkan, N. (2023). Phenylalanine induces mango fruit resistance against chilling injuries during storage at suboptimal temperature. Food Chemistry, 405, 134909. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.134909
- Pathare, P.B., Opara, L.U., & Al-Said, A.F. (2013). Colour measurement and analysis in fresh and processed food: A review. Food Bioprocess Technology, 6(1), 36-60. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11947-012-0867-9
- Pelayo-Zaldivar, C., Ebeler, S.E., & Kader, A. (2005). Cultiver and harvest date effect on flavor and other quality attributes of California strawberries. Journal of Food Quality, 28, 78-97. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-4557.2005.00005.x
- Perkins-Veazie, P. (1995). Growth and ripening of strawberry fruit. Horticultural Reviews, 17(8), 267-297. https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470650585.ch8
- Piechowiak, T., Antos, P., Kosowski, P., Skrobacz, K., Jozefczyk, R., & Balawejder, M. (2019). Impact of ozonation process on the microbiological and antioxidant status of raspberry (Rubus ideaeus ) fruit during storage at room temperature. Agriculture Food Science, 28(1), 35–44. https://doi.org/10.23986/afsci.70291
- Pizzocaro, F., Torreggiani, D., & Gilardi, G. (1993). Inhibition of apple polyphenoloxidase (PPO) by ascorbic acid, citric acid and sodium chloride. Journal of Food Processing and Preservation, 17, 21 30. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-4549.1993.tb00223.x
- Portu J., López-Alfaro I., Gómez-Alonso S., López R., & Garde-Cerdán T. (2015). Changes on grape phenolic composition induced by grapevine foliar applications of phenylalanine and urea. Food Chemistery, 180, 171-180. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2015.02.042
- Prassad, M.N.N. (1997). Trace metals, in: MNV Prasad plant ecophysiology, wiley, New York, pp: 207-249.
- Quintana, S.E., Llalla, O., García-Risco, M.R., & Fornari, T. (2021). Comparison between essential oils and supercritical extracts into chitosan-based edible coatings on strawberry quality during cold storage. The Journal of Supercritical Fluids, 171, 105198. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.supflu.2021.105198
- Ranjbar Malidarreh, T., Askari Sarcheshmeh, M.A., Babalar, M., Shokri Heydari, H., & Ahmadi, A. (2019). Changes in some physiological and biochemical characteristics of plum (Prunus salicina Flavor supreme pluot) affected by salicylic acid and iron pretreatment during storage with two different temperatures. Iranian Journal of Horticultural Science, 55(3), 525-539. (In Persian). https://doi.org/10.22059/ijhs.2019.278214.1620
- Sayyari, M., & Gharibi, R. (2016). Effects of lavender essential oil and methyl salicylate on gray mold control and postharvest quality of strawberry. Journal of Horticultural Science, 29(4), 662-670. https://doi.org/10.22067/jhorts4.v29i4.42384
- Shahimoridi, A., & Dastjerdi, A.M.M. (2020). The effects of ethanol extract of red mangrove and eucalyptus leaves on antioxidant capacity, enzyme activity and malondialdehyde of fresh banana fruit. Journal of Food Researches, 30(1), 15-28. (In Persian)
- Sogvar, O.B., Rabiei, V., Razavi, F., & Gohari, G. (2020). Phenylalanine alleviates postharvest chilling injury of plum fruit by modulating antioxidant system and enhancing the accumulation of phenolic compounds. Food Technojogy & Biotechnology Original Scientific, 1330-9862. https://doi.org/10.17113%2Fftb.58.04.20.6717
- Sowmyashree, A., Sharma, R., Rudra, S.G., & Grover, M. (2021). Layer-by-Layer coating of hydrocolloids and mixed plant extract reduces fruit decay and improves postharvest life of nectarine fruits during cold storage. Acta Physiologiae Plantarum, 43(8), 112. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11738-021-03256-8
- Taherpour, L., Hosseinifarahi, M., & Radi, M. (2020). Application of pomegranate peel extract (PPE) with sodium alginate (Alg-Na) coating on fruit decay control and quality postharvest of sweet lemon fruit cv Mahali. Journal of Food Technology and Nutrition, 17, 107-122. (In Persian)
- Taiz, L., Zeiger, E., Moller, I., & Murphy, A. (2017). Physiology and plant development. Porto Alegre: Artmed. 858.
- Treviño Garza, M.Z., García, S., Del Socorro Flores González, M., & Arévalo Niño, K. )2015(. Edible active coatings based on pectin, pullulan, and chitosan increase quality and shelf life of strawberries (Fragaria ananassa). Journal of Food Sciences, 80(8), 1823-1830. https://doi.org/10.1111/1750-3841.12938
- De Bruno, A., Gattuso, A., Ritorto, D., Piscopo, A., & Poiana, M. (2023). Effect of edible coating enriched with naturpal antioxidant extract and Bergamot essential oil on the shelf life of strawberries. Foods, 12(3), 488. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods12030488
- Unal, U.M., Yabaci, S.N., & Sener, A. (2011). Extraction, partial purification and characterization of polyphenol oxidase from tea leaf (Camellia sinensis). GIDA, 36(3), 137-144.
- Valero, D., & Serrano, M. (2010). Postharvest biology and technology for preserving fruit quality. CRC-Taylor and Francis, Boca Raton, FL, USA. https://doi.org/10.1201/9781439802670
- Valero, D., Martinez-Romero, A.D., Valverde, J.M., Guillen, F., & Serrano, M. (2003). Quality improvement and extension of shelf life by 1- methylcyclopropene in plumas affected by ripening stage at harvest. Food Sciences Emergency and Technology, 4, 339–348. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1466-8564 (03)00038-9
- Van Assche, F., & Clijsters, H. (1990). Effects of metals on enzyme activity in plants. Plant Cell Environ, 13, 195–206. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3040.1990.tb01304.x
- Vaya, J., Belinky, P.A., & Aviram, M. (1997). Antioxidant constituents from licorice roots: Isolation, structure elucidation and antioxidative capacity toward LDL oxidation. Free Radical Biology and Medicine, 23(2), 302-313. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0891-5849 (97)00089-0
- Yang, Z., Cao, S., Cai, Y., & Zheng, Y. (2011). Combination of salicylic acid and ultrasound to control postharvest blue mold caused by Penicillium expansum in peach fruit. Innovative Food Science and Emerging Technologies, 12, 310-314. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ifset.2011.04.010
ارسال نظر در مورد این مقاله