علوم باغبانی

با همکاری انجمن علمی منظر ایران

شماره جاری

بر اساس شماره‌های نشریه

بر اساس نویسندگان

بر اساس موضوعات

نمایه نویسندگان

نمایه کلیدواژه ها

درباره نشریه

اهداف و چشم انداز

بانک ها و نمایه نامه ها

پرسش‌های متداول

فرایند پذیرش مقالات

اطلاعات آماری نشریه

اخبار و اعلانات

پیوندهای مفید

دریافت فایل های راهنما

دستورالعمل کلی ارسال مقاله

چک لیست ارسال مقاله

ارسال مقاله

راهنمای داوران

اسامی داوران

تأثیر اسیدهای آمینه بر صفات مورفوفیزیولوژیکی و اسانس مرزه بختیاری (Saturjea bachtiarica Bunge.) تحت شرایط کم‌آبیاری

نوع مقاله : مقالات پژوهشی

نویسنده

مرکز تحقیقات تغذیه و محصولات ارگانیک، واحد شهرکرد، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، شهرکرد، ایران

چکیده

مرزه بختیاری (Satureja bachtiarica) از گیاهان با ارزش دارویی و کاربردی در صنایع داروسازی و غذایی کشور می‌باشد. این گیاه در اسانس، فلاونوئید و گلیکوزیدهای مونوترپن‌دار غنی است. ترکیبات اصلی اسانس این گیاه شامل آلفا-پینن، پی-سایمن، کارواکرول و گاما-ترپینن است. پژوهش حاضر در جهت یافتن بهترین تیمارهای محلول‌پاشی اسیدهای آمینه بر صفات مورفوفیزیولوژیکی و اسانس گیاه مرزه بختیاری در مزرعه تحقیقاتی دانشگاه آزاد شهرکرد به‌صورت کرت‌های یک‌بار خردشده در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در سال‌های زراعی 1401-1402 انجام گردید. دوره‌های آبیاری (سه، شش و نه روز یک‌بار) در کرت‌های اصلی و محلول‌پاشی برگی اسیدهای آمینه (لیزین، متیونین، فنیل آلانین و پرولین) به همراه شاهد در کرت‌های فرعی قرار گرفتند. در هر سال، در سه مرحله (سه ماه پس از استقرار نشاءها، اواخر رشد رویشی و ابتدای گل‌دهی) محلول‌پاشی انجام شد و در زمان گل‌دهی کامل اقدام به برداشت شد. نتایج حاصل از این تحقیق نشان داد که اسیدهای آمینه به‌طور معنی‌داری بر صفات مورفوفیزیولوژیکی و اسانس مرزه بختیاری تأثیر داشتند. بالاترین محتوای کلروفیل (41/1-54/1 میلی‌گرم در گرم وزن تر) و فنل (45/2-72/2 میلی‌گرم در گرم وزن تر) در تیمارهای متیونین و فنیل آلانین با دوره آبیاری سه روز یک‌بار به‌دست آمد. بیشترین اسانس (09/1-61/1 درصد) از گیاهان تحت تیمار با متیونین (5/2 گرم در لیتر) و فنیل آلانین (100 میکرومولار) با دور آبیاری سه روز یک‌بار حاصل شد. ترکیبات اصلی اسانس شامل پی-سایمن (12/17-45/19 درصد)، گاما-ترپینن (14/18-87/16 درصد) و کارواکرول (12/45-24/51 درصد) جزء مونوترپن‌های حلقوی بودند. براساس نتایج به‌دست‌آمده مشخص شد که اسیدهای آمینه اثر معنی‌داری بر مونوترپن‌های حلقوی مانند آلفا-ترپینن، گاما-ترپینن، کارواکرول، تیمول و پی-سایمن داشتند. افزایش در مقادیر کمّی و کیفی اسانس با کاربرد اسیدهای امینه مشاهده گردید. تیمارهای متیونین و فنیل آلانین بیشترین اثرگذاری را بر مقدار اسانس و کارواکرول گیاهان تحت تیمار داشتند. مقادیر مونوترپن‌های حلقوی در تمام گیاهان تحت تیمار بیشتر از سزکویی ترپن‌ها بودند. تنش‌های محیطی نقش بسزایی در رشد و تولید متابولیت‌های ثانویه در گیاهان دارویی دارند که از این میان، تنش خشکی منجر به تغییر مقادیر ترکیبات غالب اسانس مرزه بختیاری در پژوهش حاضر شد. محلول­پاشی متیونین (5/2 گرم در لیتر) و فنیل آلانین (100 میکرومولار) برتر از سایر تیمارها منجر به افزایش صفات مورفوفیزیولوژیکی و اسانس شد. لذا استفاده از تیمارهای مذکور به‌ویژه متیونین می‌تواند نقش مؤثری در بهبود صفات مورفوفیزیولوژیکی و اسانس مرزه بختیاری تحت شرایط اقلیمی مشابه داشته باشد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Effects of Amino Acids on Morpho-physiological and Essential Oil Attributes of Satureja bachtiarica Bunge. under Water Deficit Conditions

نویسنده [English]

  • M. Yadegari

Research Center of Nutrition and Organic Products (R.C.N.O.P), Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord, Iran

چکیده [English]

Introduction
Satureja bachtiarica is one of the important endemic species and is used in medicinal and food industries. This plant is rich in essential oil, flavonoids, monoterpene glycosides and trypanocidal terpenoids. The main compounds of the essential oil from S.bachtiarica L. collected from natural habitats are alpha-pinene, p-cymene, carvacrol and gamma-terpinene. The environmental factors cause changes in the growth, quantity, and quality of active substances (such as alkaloids, glycosides, steroids and volatile oils) in medicinal and aromatic plants. Among environmental stresses, water deficit plays an important role in the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites in medicinal and aromatic plants in arid and semi-arid regions like Iran. Drought stress has detrimental effects on growth and yield and can upset the balance between the antioxidant defense system and free radicals by stimulating a series of biochemical reactions, where free radicals cause cell damage. In sustainable production systems of medicinal and aromatic plants, stable quantitative and qualitative functions can be achieved under conditions of environmental stress and it is possible to improve the production of secondary metabolites in these plants under adverse environmental conditions. Therefore, this study was done to evaluate the amino acids on the physiological and phytochemical properties of S. bachtiarica to determine and introduce the best amino acids under water stress.
 
Materials and Methods
This investigation was done from spring (May) 2022 to fall (September) 2023 at the Research Farm of Islamic Azad University, Branch of Shahrekord (latitude. 32°20′ N, longitude. 50°51′ E, altitude. 2061 m). Based on the Köppen climate classification, the climate of the study area is classified as cold and semiarid. This study was conducted in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) as a split plot layout with three replications. Irrigation regimes (3-day, 6-day, and 9-day intervals) were assigned as the main plots, while the foliar application of amino acids (methionine, lysine, phenylalanine, and proline) was designated as the subplots. In each year, treatments were applied at 3 stages (3 months after sowing, end of vegetation, before flowering, beginning of flowering and early flowering) and harvesting was done in the complete flowering stage. Weed control was applied manually during the entire experiment. During the experiment, no fertilizer and no systemic pesticide and herbicide were used. The harvested shoots were transferred to the laboratory for extracting and analysis of the leaves and stems of treated plants. For assessment of the total chlorophyll content of S. bachtiarica, the leaves were extracted with 80% acetone. The absorbance of the extraction was read at 470, 648, and 664 nm, and the content of total chlorophyll was calculated as mg per g leaf dry weight. Total phenol content was measured by the Folin-Ciocalteu reagent as reported by Singleton and Rossi. The total phenol content was expressed as mg of gallic acid equivalent per g leaf dry weight according to standard curves of gallic acid. The essential oils were extracted by hydro-distillation and analyzed using GC/MS.
 
Results and Discussion
Applied amino acids significantly influenced the morpho-physiological and phytochemical characters of Satureja bachtiarica. In two years, the highest chlorophyll content (1.41-1.54 mg.g-1 FW) and total phenol content (2.45-2.72 mg.g-1 FW) were obtained in methionine (2.5 g.l-1) and phenylalanine (100 µM) treatments by irrigation regimes 3-day interval. The highest essential oil contents (1.09-1.61 %) were obtained from the plants treated by methionine (2.5 g.l-1) and phenylalanine (100 µM) treatments by irrigation regime 3 days interval. The main chemical compounds of essential oil were P-cymene (17.12-19.45 %), gamma-terpinene (18.14-16.87 %) and Carvacrol (45.12-51.24 %) belonging to cyclic monoterpenes. The treatments had significant effectiveness on cyclic monoterpens such as alpha-terpinene, gamma-terpinene, germacren-d, carvacrol, thymol and p-cymene. Increasing of essential oil content/composition by use of amino acids was seen. The main components of essential oil in plants treated by proline were lesser than other treated plants. In two years of this research amino acids of methionine and phenylalanine mad the most amounts of carvacrol and essential oil content. The monoterpene alcohols in volatile oils of the treated plants with amino acids elicitors considerably were higher than the sesquiterpenes. According to the ratio of monoterpenes alcohol to sesquiterpenes in volatile oils of the treated S. bachtiarica with different elicitors, the foliar application of amino acids can improve the odor quality of S. bachtiarica volatile oil.
 
Conclusions
Foliar application of methionine (2.5 g.l-1) and phenylalanine (100 µM) treatments better than other treatments increased the morpho-physiological and essential oil attributes. Environmental conditions such as drought play a key role in plant growth and biosynthesis of different metabolic compounds. The observed variation in shoot yield and phytochemical content of S. bachtiarica during the studied years may related to differences in photoperiod, temperature, solar radiation, precipitation and occurrence of biotic and abiotic stresses at different growing seasons. Also amino acids had very important effectiveness on content/composition of essential oil of S. bachtiarica. Generally, treats of methionine and phenylalanine can be a good strategy to improve morpho-physiological characteristics and essential oil quantity and quality of S. bachtiarica in the same climate.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Carvacrol
  • Medicinal plant
  • Methionine
  • P-cymene
  • Phenylalanine

©2024 The author(s). This is an open access article distributed under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0).

مراجع
  1. Adams, R.P. (2007). Identification of Essential Oil Components by Gas Chromatography/ Quadrupole Mass Spectroscopy. Allured Publishing Corporation, Carol Stream, IL.
  2. Aghaei, K., Ghasemi Pirbalouti, A., Mousavi, A., Naghdi Badi, H.A., & Mehnatkesh AM. (2021). Effects of different fertilizers and the foliar application of L-phenylalanine on mineral contents of hyssop [Hyssopus officinalis subsp. angustifolius (Bieb.)]. Journal of Horticultural Plants Nutrition, 4(2), 13-28. (In Persian). https://doi.org/10.22070/hpn.2021.4639.1038
  3. Ajdanian, L., Babaee, M., & Aroee, H., (2019). Foliar application of amino acids on yield and growth of two cultivar of Ocimum. 11th Iranian Horticultural Sciences Conference. 26-29 Aug. Urmia University.1-7. (In Persian).
  4. Alavi Samany, S.M., Ghasemi Pirbalouti, A., & Malekpoor, F., (2022). Phytochemical and morpho-physiological changes of hyssop in response to chitosan-spraying under different levels of irrigation. Industrial Crops and Products, 176, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2021.114330
  5. Albergaria, E.T., Oliveira, A.F., & Albuquerque, U.P., (2020). The effect of water deficit stress on the composition of phenolic compounds in medicinal plants. South African Journal of Botany, 131, 12-17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sajb.2020.02.002
  6. Alizadeh, A., Moghaddam, M., Asgharzade, A., & Mahmoodi Sourestani, M., (2020). Phytochemical and physiological response of Satureja hortensis to different irrigation regimes and chitosan application. Industrial Crops and Products, 158, 112990. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2020.112990
  7. Aminifard, M., Gholami, M., Bayat, H., & Moradinezhad, F. (2020). Effect of fulvic acid and amino acid application on physiological characteristics, growth and yield of coriander (Coriandrum sativum ) as a medicinalplant. Journal of Agroecology, 12(3), 373-388. https://doi.org/10.22067/jag.v12i374672
  8. Arnon, D.I. (1975). Physiological Principles of Dry Land Crop Production. In: U.S.Gupta (Ed.) Physiological Aspects of Dry Land Farming, 3-14. Oxford Press.
  9. Asadi, M., Nasiri, Y., & Morshedloo, M. (2018). Evaluation of quantitative and qualitative yield of Mentha piperita under amino acids, organic and chemical fertilizers. Suatainable Agriculture, 82(3), 257-275.
  10. Askary, M., Behdani, M.A., Parsa, S., Mahmoodi, S., & Jamialahmadi, M. (2018). Water stress and manure application affect the quantity and quality of essential oil of Thymus daenensis and Thymus vulgaris. Industrial Crops and Products, 111, 336-344. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2017.09.056
  11. Ashouri, R., Fallah, H., Niknezhad, Y., & Barari Tari, D. (2023). Effect of application of plant growth promoting bacteria and amino acids foliar application on growth characteristics, yield, and nutritional value of rice (Oryza sativa). Iranian Journal of Field Crops Research, 21(3), 333-346. (In Persian). https://doi.org/10.22067/jcesc.2023.81340.1230
  12. Azarpira, E., Fathi, S., Sharafi, Y., & Najafian, S. (2020). Effect of some amino acids based biostimulants on medicinal mint (Mentha spicat) under salinity stress. Horticultural Plant Nutrition, 2(2), 154-173. (In Persian). https://doi.org/10.22070/hpn.2020.5012.1068
  13. Babaei,, Moghaddam, M., & Farhadi, N. (2021). Morphological, physiological and phytochemical responses of Mexican marigold (Tagetes minuta L.) to drought stress. Scientia Horticulturae, 284, 110-116. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2021.110116
  14. Bohlman, J., & Keeling, C.I. (2008). Terpenoid biomaterials. Plant Journal, 54, 656-669. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-313X.2008.03449.x
  15. Caser, M., Chitarra, W., Angiolillod, F., & Perrone, I. (2019). Drought stress adaptation modulates plant secondary metabolite production in Salvia dolomitica Industrial Crops and Products, 129, 85-96. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2018.11.068
  16. Danesh-Shahraki, H., Ghasemi Pirbalouti, A., & Rajabzadeh, F. (2023). Water deficit stress mitigation by the foliar spraying of salicylic acid and proline on the volatile oils and growth features of hyssop (Hyssopus officinalis). Journal of Essential Oil-Bearing Plants, 26, 115-129. https://doi.org/10.1080/0972060X.2022.2160279
  17. Darvizheh, H., Zavareh, M., & Ghasmanjad, M. (2017). Effect of proline spraying on biochemical properties of German chamomile in water stress conditions (Matricaria chamomilla L). Journal of Applied Research in Plant Ecophysiology, 4, 35-60. http://arpe.gonbad.ac.ir/article-1-244-en.html
  18. Dere, S., Güneş, T., & Sivaci, R. (1998). Spectrophotometric determination of chlorophyll-A, B and total carotenoid contents of some algae species using different solvents. Turkish Journal of Botany, 22, 13-17. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/235938850
  19. De Sousa, A., Elgawad, H.A., Fidalgo, F., Teixeira, J., Matos, M., & Hamed, B.A. (2020). Al exposure increases proline levels by different pathways in an Al‑sensitive and an Al‑tolerant rye genotype. Scientific Reports, 10, 16401. https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-020-73358-9
  20. Esch, E.H., Lipson, D.A., & Cleland, E.E. (2019). Invasion and drought alter phenological sensitivity and synergistically lower ecosystem production. Ecology, 100, 34-45.‏ https://doi.org/10.1002/ecy.2802
  21. Farahani, H., Sajedi, N.A., Madani, H., Changizi, M., & Naeini, M.R. (2020). Effect of foliar-applied silicon on flower yield and essential oil composition of Damask Rose (Rosa damascena Mill.) under water deficit stress. Silicon, 13, 4463-4472. https://doi.org/1007/s12633-020-00762-1
  22. Fariaszewska, A., Aper, J., Van Huylenbroeck, J., & De Swaef, T. (2020). Physiological and biochemical responses of forage grass varieties to mild drought stress under field conditions. International Journal of Plant Production, 14, 335–353. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42106-020-00088-3
  23. Ghanbarzadeh, Z., Mohsenzadeh, S., Rowshan, V., & Moradshahi, A. (2019). Evaluation of the growth, essential oil composition and antioxidant activity of Dracocephalum moldavica under water deficit stress and symbiosis with Claroideoglomus etunicatum and Micrococcus yunnanensis. Scientia Horticulturae, 256, 108652. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2019.108652
  24. Gohari, Gh., Feridoni, S., Panahi Rad, S., Sepehri, N., & Dadpour, M.R. (2020). Foliar application of phenylalanine on nutritional value in Vitis vinifera Hosseini. Journal of Food Researches, 30(4), 109-121. (In Persian). https://doi.org/10.22034/fr.2021.37105.1708
  25. Hayati, A., Rahimi, M.M., Kelidari, A., & Hosseini, S.M. (2021). Effects of humic acid and iron nanochelate on osmolytes content of black cumin (Nigella sativa) under drought stress conditions. Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Research, 37(5), 809-821. (In Persian). https://doi.org/10.22092/ijmapr.2021.354715.2995
  26. Hawrylak-Nowak, B., Dresler, S., Rubinowska, K., & Matraszek-Gawron, R. (2021). Eliciting effect of foliar application of chitosan lactate on the phytochemical properties of Ocimum basilicum and Melissa officinalis L. Food Chemistry, 342, 128358. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.128358
  27. Hazrati, S., Habibzadeh, F., Molaee, S., Masoompour, Z., & Asgharian, P. (2021). Phytochemical study and improving the essential oil yield of Cuminum cyminum by spraying the metabolic activator of pluramin and the growth regulator of bioxa under rainfed condition. Eco-Phytochemical Journal of Medicinal Plants, 9(2), 22-38. (In Persian). https://doi.org/10.30495/ejmp.2021.694472
  28. Heidarzadeh, A., & Modares Sanavi, S.A.M. (2023). Effects of various amino acids on quantitative and qualitative characters of Allium sativum Plant Production, 46(2). https://doi.org/10.22055/ppd.2023.42775.2071
  29. Jafari, S.A., Khorshidi, J., Morshedloo, M.R., & Houshidari, F. (2021). Assessment of water deficit tolerance in some of Iranian native Satureja species using stress tolerance indices. Journal of Plant Process and Function, 10(44), 133-145. (In Persian). http://dorl.net/dor/20.1001.1.23222727.1400.10.44.6.2
  30. Kazempour, A., Sharghi, Y., Modarres Sanavi, S.A.M., Zahedi, H., & Sefid Kon, F. (2023). Effect of amino acid foliar application on morphophysiological characteristics and thyme essential oil under different irrigation regimes. Journal of Plant Process and Function, 12(53), 71-90. (In Persian). http://dorl.net/dor/20.1001.1.23222727.1402.12.53.5.3
  31. Kheiri, A., Mohajjel Shoja, H., & Sarajoughi, M. (2020). Study on the effect of drought stress and methanol spraying on dehydrine1 gene expression in Carthamus tinctorius. Genetic Engineering and Biosafety Journal, 9, 67-75. http://dorl.net/dor/20.1001.1.25885073.1399.9.1.4.7
  32. Khorasani, H., Rajabzadeh, F., Mozafari, H., & Ghasemi Pirbalouti, A. (2023). Water deficit stress impairment of morphophysiological and phytochemical traits of stevia (Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni) buffered by humic acid application. South African Journal of Botany, 154, 365-371. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sajb.2023.01.030
  33. Kulak, (2020). Recurrent drought stress effects on essential oil profile of Lamiaceae plants: An approach regarding stress memory. Industrial Crops and Products, 154, 1-17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2020.112695
  34. Marinova, D., Ribarova, F., & Atanassaova, M. (2005). Total phenolics and total flavonoids in Bulgarian fruits and vegetables. Journal University of Chemistry Technology Metallurgy, 40(3), 255-260.
  35. Mirjalili, A., Lebaschi, M.H., Ardakani, M.R., Heydari SharifAbad, H., & Mirza, M. (2020). Evaluation of morphological traits and yield of Satureja bachtiarica affected by density and organic fertilizers under dryland farming conditions. Iranian Journal of Field Crops Research, 18(3), 357-371. (In Persian). http://dx.doi.org/10.22067/gsc.v18i3.86519
  36. Mohammadi, M., Sefidkon, F., Asadi-Sanam, S., & Kalatejari, S. (2021). Effects of nutritional treatments on morphological characteristics and essential oil yield of Satureja khuzistanica Iranian Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Research, 37(2), 193-213. (In Persian). https://doi.org/10.22092/ijmapr.2021.351383.2840
  37. Moradi Marjaneh, E., Galavi, M., Ramroodi, M., & Soloki, M. (2018). Evaluation of some quantitative characters of Rosmarinus officinalis affected by foliar application of nutrition components and various harvesting time. Crop Production, 11(4), 119-134. https://doi.org/10.22069/ejcp.2019.13979.2064
  38. Mozaffarian, V. (2008). A Pictorial Dictionary of Botanical Taxonomy Latin-English-French-Germany-Persian. Germany: Koeltz Scientific Books.
  39. Mumivand, H., Ebrahimi, A., Morshedloo, M.R., & Shayganfar, A. (2021). Water deficit stress changes in drug yield, antioxidant enzymes activity and essential oil quality and quantity of tarragon (Artemisia dracunculus). Industrial Crops and Products, 164, 113381. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2021.113381
  40. Nasiri, Y., Shekari, F., & Asadi, M. (2020). Effects of biofertilizers and zinc sulfate on some morphological and yield characteristics of Satureja hortensis Iranian Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Research, 36(4), 523-541. (In Persian). https://doi.org/10.22092/ijmapr.2020.341271.2685
  41. Nouri, M., Rohbani, M., & Mahboub, S.A. (2015). Biochemistry, International Student Edition (3rd edition). Ahrar Tabriz Publications, Tabriz, Iran. pp: 768. (In Persian).
  42. Padid, T., Javdi, H., Seghatoleslami, M.J., & Moosavi, S.G.H. (2021). The responses of yield and some morpho-physiological traits of savory (Satureja hortensis) to sowing date and irrigation levels in Birjand. Iranian Journal of Field Crop Science, 52(3), 209-218. (In Persian). https://doi.org/10.22059/ijfcs.2020.301799.654716
  43. Pradhan, J., Sahoo, S.K., Lalotra, S., & Sarma, R.S. (2017). Positive impact of abiotic stress on medicinal and aromatic plants. International Journal of Plant Sciences, 12(2), 309-313. https://doi.org/15740/HAS/IJPS/12.2/309-313
  44. Poorghadir, M., Mohammadi Torkashvand, A., Mirjalili, S.A., & Moradi, P. (2020). Interactions of amino acids (proline and phenylalanine) and biostimulants (salicylic acid and chitosan) on the growth and essential oil components of savory (Satureja hortensis). Biocatalysis and Agricultural Biotechnology, 30, 101815. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bcab.2020.101815
  45. Raoof Haghparvar, F., Hashemabadi, D., & Kaviani, B. (2022). Effect of arginine, proline and glutamine amino acids on morphological and physiological traits of two african marigold (Tagetes erecta) cultivars. Journal of Ornamental Plants, 12(3), 191-202. (In Persian).
  46. Sanikhani, M., Akbari, A., & Kheiry, A. (2020). Effect of phenylalanine and tryptophan on morphological and physiological characteristics in colocynth (Citrullus colocynthis ). Journal of Plant Process and Function, 9(35), 317-328. (In Persian). http://dorl.net/dor/20.1001.1.23222727.1399.9.35.5.6
  47. Saremi, S., Gholipour, M., Abasdokht, H., Naghdibadi, H.A., MehrAfarin, A., & Asghari, H.R. (2021). Evaluation of effect of foliar application of various amino acids on the biochemical responses of Physalis alkekengi Eco-Phytochemical Journal of Medicinal Plants, 9(2), 39-52. (In Persian). https://doi.org/10.30495/ejmp.2021.694469
  48. Sasani, N., Pâques, L.E., Boulanger, G., & Singh, A.P. (2021). Physiological and anatomical responses to drought stress differ between two larch species and their hybrid. Trees, 35, 1467- https://doi.org/10.1007/s00468-021-02129-4
  49. Shafie, F., Bayat, H., Aminifard, M.H., & Daghighi, S. (2021). Biostimulant effects of seaweed extract and amino acids on growth, antioxidants, and nutrient content of yarrow (Achillea millefolium ) in the field and greenhouse conditions. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis, 52, 964-975. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00103624.2021.1872596
  50. Shaykh-Samani, A., Ghasemi Pirbalouti, A., Yadegari, M., & Rajabzadeh, F. (2023). Foliar application of salicylic acid improved the yield and quality of the essential oil from Dracocephalum kotschyi under water deficit stress. Journal of Essential Oil Bearing Plants, 26, 769-779. https://doi.org/10.30495/iper.2022.1952014.1771
  51. Soroori, S., Danaee, E., Hemmati, K., Moghadam, A.L., & Garmsar, I. (2021). Effect of foliar application of proline on morphological and physiological traits of Calendula officinalis under drought stress. Journal of Ornamental Plants, 11, 13-30. https://dorl.net/dor/20.1001.1.22516433.2021.11.1.1.8
  52. Taraseviciene, Z., Velicka, A., & Paulauskiene, A. (2021). Impact of foliar application of amino acids on total phenols, phenolic acids content of different mints varieties under the field condition. Plants, 10(3), 599. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants10030599
  53. Wafaa, H.A., Rania, M.R., & El-Shafay, R.M.M. (2021). Effect of spraying with extracts of plants and amino acids on growth and productivity on Coriandrum sativum plants under shalateen condition. Plant Archives, 21(1), 300-307. http://dx.doi.org/10.51470/Plantarchives.2021.v21.S1.048
  54. Yadegari, M. (2022). Effects of NPK, botamisol, and humic acid on morphophysiological traits and essential oil of three Satureja species under drought stress. Iranian Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Research, 38(1), 61-80. (In Persian). https://doi.org/10.22092/ijmapr.2022.356264.3073
  55. Yadegari, M. (2017). Irrigation periods and Fe, Zn foliar application on agronomic characters of Borago officinalis, Calendula officinalis, Thymus vulgaris and Alyssum desertorum. Communication in Soil Science and Plant Analysis, 48(3), 307–315. https://doi.org/10.1080/00103624.2016.1269796
  56. Zakerian, F., Sefidkon, F., Abbaszadeh, A., & Kalateh, S. (2020). Drought stress and micorrhiza fungi effects on physiologic and essential oil traits of Satureja sahandica Iranian Journal of Horticultural Science, 51(1), 189-201. (In Persian). https://doi.org/10.22059/ijhs.2018.267489.1521
  57. Zandalinas, S.I., Mittler, R., Balfagon, D., Arbona, V., & Gomez-Cadenas, A. (2017). Plant adaptations to the combination of drought and high temperatures. Physiology of Plant, 162(1), 2–12. https://doi.org/10.1111/ppl.12540
ارسال نظر در مورد این مقاله
CAPTCHA Image
علوم باغبانی
دوره 39، شماره 1 - شماره پیاپی 65
فروردین 1404
صفحه 56-31
فایل ها
سابقه مقاله
  • تاریخ دریافت: 30 بهمن 1402
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 29 خرداد 1403
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 13 مرداد 1403
  • تاریخ اولین انتشار: 13 مرداد 1403
هم رسانی
ارجاع به این مقاله
آمار