با همکاری انجمن علمی منظر ایران
نوع مقاله : مقالات پژوهشی
نویسنده
استادیار گروه علوم و مهندسی باغبانی دانشگاه بوعلی سینا ـ مجتمع آموزش عالی نهاوند (ویژه دختران)
کلیدواژهها
عنوان مقاله English
نویسنده English
Background and Objectives: Salvia nemorosa L. belongs to the family Lamiaceae. The genus Salvia has more than 900 species and is distributed in different parts of the world. In Iran, there are 58 species of annual and perennial herbaceous plants, of which 17 species are endemic. The common persian name of Salvia is “Maryam-Goli” and is mainly used as a flavoring agent, perfume additive and condiment. The genus Salvia has been of special interest in the collection of medicinal plants since ancient times, and today the essential oil of its various species has important applications in the pharmaceutical, perfumery, health and cosmetic industries, as well as a flavoring in the food and beverage industries. Different species of Salvia have various applications in the pharmaceutical and therapeutic industries due to their antiseptic, antibacterial, antifungal, antitumor, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory properties, and are used in traditional medicine to treat colds, sore throats, bronchitis, digestive disorders, eczema, and tuberculosis.
Materials and Methods: This study was conducted to evaluate the diversity of morphological traits and essential oil compositions of eleven populations of Salvia nemorosa L. in different regions of Hamedan province in June 2025. Plant samples were collected at the flowering stage and after measuring some morphological traits, they were dried in the shade. The measured traits were: plant height, stem diameter, number of inflorescence cycles, distance between 2 inflorescence cycles, fresh and dry weight of the plant, fresh and dry weight of the flowering branch, leaf length and width, petal and sepal length, number of flowers in the inflorescence cycle, and inflorescence length. To investigate the constituents of the essential oil, essential oil extraction was performed by water distillation and the essential oil components were identified and quantified using a gas chromatograph (GC) and a gas chromatograph coupled to a mass spectrometer (GC/MS).
Results: 25 compounds were identified in the essential oil and there was a great variation in the amount and components of the essential oil in the studied populations. Caryophyllene oxide, caryophyllene E, Sabinene and Hexenal<(2E)-> were the main components of the essential oil. The highest plant height (82.40 cm), the highest fresh plant weight (33.51 g) and the dry weight (10.95 g) were obtained in the Deh Sorkheh population. The highest number of inflorescence cycles (32.80) and the longest inflorescence (30.80 cm) were observed in the Deh Musa population. The highest fresh and dry weights of flowering heads (3.31 g and 0.94 g, respectively) and the highest number of flowers per inflorescence cycle (8 flowers) were observed in the Avarzaman population. There was a positive correlation between calcium carbonate and Sabinene. There was a negative correlation between Sabinene and caryophyllene oxide. There was a negative correlation between altitude and fresh and dry weight of the plant and fresh and dry weight of flowering branch. Eleven Salvia nemorosa L. populations were grouped based on morphological traits and essential oil using the "Ward" method. Based on dendrogram analysis of morphological traits, the studied populations were divided into two main groups. The first group was classified into four subgroups including A (Joorab, Tuchaghaz and Saleh Abad populations), B (Dehno Olya population), C (Jowkar, Sheverin and Kasavand populations) and D (Heydareh Bala Shahr population). The second group was also divided into two subgroups including E (Deh Musa and Deh Sorkheh populations) and F (Avarzaman population). Also, based on dendrogram analysis obtained from essential oil cluster analysis, the studied populations were divided into two main groups. The first group was classified into five subgroups including A (Avarzaman, Tuchaghaz, Saleh Abad and Kasavand populations), B (Heydareh Bala Shahr population), C (Joorab and Deh Sorkheh populations), D (Dehno Olya population) and E (Jowkar population). The second group was divided into a subgroup consisting of F (Sheverin and Deh Musa populations). The placement of populations in one group indicates greater uniformity in the populations of that group compared to other populations. On the other hand, the placement of populations in two separate groups could be due to the genetic diversity of the populations and the environmental conditions of their collection sites.
Conclusion: The results of the study showed that environmental factors, like genetic factors, are effective in creating diversity in morphological and phytochemical characteristics, including diversity in the amount and components of essential oils.
کلیدواژهها English
