مطالعه مقایسه‌ای تیمارهای کوتاه‌مدت و بلندمدت نانوسیلور، اسیدسالیسیلیک و برخیاسانس‌های‌ گیاهی بر خصوصیات ژربرا (Gerbera jamesonii Bol.) رقم ‘Rosalin’

نوع مقاله : مقالات پژوهشی

نویسندگان

مهروالسادات متغیر

مجید عزیزی

علی تهرانی فر

گروه علوم باغبانی و فضای سبز، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، مشهد، ایران

https://doi.org/10.22067/jhs.2021.60101.0

چکیده

ژربرا (Gerbera jamesonii Bol.) جزء ده گل شاخه بریده برتر دنیا است و استفاده از آن با توجه به گوناگونی رنگ و شکل، مورد توجه علاقه‌مندان به گل می‌باشد. با توجه به عمر پس از برداشت کوتاه این گل، پژوهش در مورد افزایش عمر گل بریده آن اهمیت ویژه‌ای دارد. در این تحقیق، اثر تیمارهای کوتاه‌مدت و بلندمدت بر عمر گلجای و برخی صفات فیزیولوژیکی و بیوشیمیایی گل بریده ژربرا رقم ’رزالین‘ (Gerbera jamesonii Bol cv ‘Rosalin’) مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. این پژوهش براساس آزمایش فاکتوریل در قالب طرح بلوک کامل تصادفی در سه تکرار انجام شد که در آن عامل اول ترکیب شیمیایی نانوسیلور (5 و 10 میلی‌گرم در لیتر)، اسید سالیسیلیک (50 و 100 میلی‌گرم در لیتر) و آب مقطر (شاهد) به‌صورت تیمار کوتاه‌مدت (24 ساعته) و عامل دوم ساکارز (چهار درصد)، اسانس‌های گیاهی نعنا فلفلی (Mentha pipperita L.) (100 میلی‌گرم در لیتر)، آویشن باغی (Thymus vulgaris L.) (100 میلی‌گرم در لیتر)، میخک هندی (Eugenia caryophyllata Thunb) (300 میلی‌گرم در لیتر) و آب مقطر (شاهد) به‌صورت تیمار دائمی اعمال گردید. نتایج حاصل از این تحقیق نشان داد که تیمار کوتاه‌مدت نانوسیلور همراه با تیمارهای بلندمدت اسانس‌های آویشن باغی و نعنا فلفلی تأثیر مثبتی در ماندگاری (به‌ترتیب 25/14 و 14 روز) گل بریده داشته و با حفظ طولانی‌تر خصوصیات فیزیولوژیکی همچون محتوای کلی آب و وزن تر نسبی گل، از طریق افزایش معنی‌دار فعالیت آنزیم سوپراکسید دیسموتاز ( به‌ترتیب 43/241 درصد و 94/233 درصد در روز هفتم سنجش) و کاهش سرعت افزایش مقدار مالون‌دی‌آلدهید (به‌ترتیب 88/14 درصد و 44/19 درصد در روز هفتم) در گلچه‌ها موجب طولانی‌تر شدن عمر پس از برداشت گل بریده ژربرا رقم ’رزالین‘ گردید.

کلیدواژه‌ها

اسانس آویشن باغی

اسانس نعنا فلفلی

عمر گلجای

گل بریده

نانوذرات

موضوعات

• فیزیولوژی پس از برداشت

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عنوان مقاله English

Comparative Study of Pulse and Permanent Treatments of Nanosilver, Salicylic Acid and Some Essential Oils on Gerbera (Gerbera jamesonii Bol.) ‘Rosalin’ Traits

نویسندگان English

M. S. Motaghayer

M. Azizi

A. Tehranifar

- Department of Horticulture Science and Landscape Architecture, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran

چکیده English

Introduction
Gerbera (Gerbera jamesonii Bolus, Asteraceae) commonly known as Transvaal Daisy, is one of the ten most popular and important commercial cut flowers. Gerbera is a perennial, tropical, herbaceous plant with colorful and attractive flowers that are widely used as a decorative garden plant or cut flowers. The most important problem of the gerbera cut flowers is short vase life. The end of vase life of cut gerbera flowers is often due to bending of the scape. The aim of this study was to screen the effects of nanosilver and salicylic acid as pulse treatment and sucrose and thyme, clove and peppermint essential oils as permanent treatment on vase life and some physiological and biochemical traits of gerbera ‘Rosalin’ cut flowers.

Materials and Methods
This study was conducted as a factorial experiment based on completely randomized block design with three replications. The first factor was pulse treatments using nanosilver (NS) 5 and 10 mg.L^-1 (Nanocid Company, Iran), salicylic acid (SA) 50 and 100 mg.L^-1 (Merck Company) and distilled water as control, and the second factor was permanent treatments applying distilled water, sucrose 4% (Merck Company), peppermint (100 mg.L^-1), thyme (100 mg.L^-1) and clove (300 mg.L^-1) essential oils (EO) (Zardband Company, Iran). Pulse treatments were applied for 24 h. Treated stems were then stood into vases containing permanent treatments. Vase solutions were freshly prepared at the beginning of the experiment and not renewed during of the study. The measured traits were: flower vase life, flower water content (WC), relative fresh weight (RFW), water loss (WL), water uptake (WU), total soluble solid (TSS), superoxide dismutase (SOD) enzyme activity and malondialdehyde (MDA) amount (Biovision Colorimetric Assay Kit, USA). The experiment was conducted in the laboratory at 20-22°C, 40-50% RH, and 15 µmol.m^-2.s^-1 light intensity (cool white florescent tubes) under a daily light period of 12 hours. The obtained data were analyzed using MSTAT-C program and mean comparison was done using LSD range test.

Results and Discussion
The results showed that NS 10 mg.L^-1 with thyme EO 100 mg.L^-1 (14.25 days) and NS 10 mg.L^-1 followed by peppermint EO 100 mg.L^-1 (14 days) had the best effect on longevity and maintaining the water content of gerbera cv. ‘Rosalin’ cut flower, compared to other treatments. Flower WC was high (about 90%) except in 4% sucrose permanent treatment flowers which had negative effect and decreased more rapidly during the vase life period. Despite antimicrobial preservative application, RFW, WU, WL and TSS generally had a decreasing trend during the experiment. However, it was observed that flowers treated by NS 10 mg.L^-1 (0.86 g.g^-1), thyme (0.77 g.g^-1) and peppermint (0.72 g.g^-1) EOs had the highest RFW on the eighth day of the experiment, but 4% sucrose (0.59 g.g^-1) permanent treatment reduced RFW during cut flower vase life. The highest WU was observed in SA 100 mg/L (67.28 g), NS 5 (61.31 g) and 10 mg/L (60.35 g) on the second day. According to the results of this research, pulsing by NS 5 and 10 mg.L^-1 and SA 100 mg.L^-1 resulted in the most WL on day two (64.24, 57.85 and 64.95 g respectively). TSS of the cut flowers decreased with time, however reduction rates were delayed in SA and NS treated flowers. On the eighth day of experiment, long-term treatment showed the greatest effect on TSS amount. Flowers treated by NS 10 mg.L^-1 followed by 4% sucrose and peppermint EO treatment had the highest TSS amount, respectively 3.50 and 3.17 Bx. As time passed, the activities of SOD enzyme increased, however, treated flowers showed significantly higher SOD activity compared to the control. Especially NS 10 mg.L^-1 pulse treatment, followed by thyme and peppermint EOs, indicated the highest amounts (241.43% and 233.94%) of SOD activity on the seventh day of the experiment. During the experiment, MDA increased in the flowers, so that the highest amount of MDA was detected in the control (67.30%) on the seventh day and the lowest was produced in NS 10 mg/L treated flowers followed by thyme (14.88%) and peppermint (19.44%) EOs. Due to the fact that these treatments had the best effects on flower vase life, these results are logical.

Conclusion
Based on the results of this study, new antimicrobial agents such as NS, thyme and peppermint EOs had a positive effect on flower vase life, WC, RFW and WU and reduced the rate of WL and TSS reduction in flowers. It might be due to this fact that these are very effective antimicrobial agents, inhibited the microbial growth and prevented bacterial plugging in conducting tissues. NS particles enter to cell, tissue and organs, so they can inhibit the respiration and electron transfer system and material transfer in microbial cell membrane. The application of natural phenolic compound like EOs reduced the accumulation of MDA and enhanced SOD enzyme activity. Therefore, due to the undesirable results of chemical preservative on human and environmental health, EOs can be very good substitutes for preserving cut flowers postharvest life.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

Cut flower

Nanoparticles

Peppermint essential oil

Thyme essential oil

Vase life

Authors retain the copyright. This is an open access article distributed under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0).

 

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