تاثیر خاکپوش‌های پلی‌اتیلنی رنگی بر خصوصیات کیفی، میزان عملکرد و پارامترهای فلورسانس کلروفیل توت‌فرنگی رقم ’کاماروسا‘

نوع مقاله : مقالات پژوهشی

نویسنده

استادیار هواشناسی کشاورزی، دانشکده مهندسی زراعی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری

چکیده

مدیریت ناکارآمد مزارع توت­فرنگی، یکی از عوامل مهم در کاهش قابل توجه عملکرد و کیفیت میوه توت فرنگی (Fragaria × ananassa, Duch.) به­حساب می­آید. در این پژوهش، به منظور بررسی تاثیر خاکپوش­های پلی­اتیلنی رنگی بر خصوصیات کیفی، میزان عملکرد، پارامترهای فلورسانس و کلروفیل برگ گیاه توت­فرنگی رقم ’کاماروسا‘، آزمایشی در قالب طرح بلوک­های کامل تصادفی با چهار تیمار آزمایشی شامل؛ خاکپوش پلی­اتیلنی رنگی (سیاه، قرمز، سفید) و شاهد (بدون خاکپوش) در سه تکرار در طی سال­های زراعی 96-1395 و 97-1396انجام شد. بر پایه یافته­ها، تاثیر رنگ خاکپوش­های پلی­اتیلنی بر میزان عملکرد میوه دارای تفاوت معنی­دار بود (p ≤ 0.01). به­طوری‌که عملکرد کل میوه در زمان­های برداشت اول و دوم به­ترتیب (175 و 185روز پس از کاشت) به­گونه­ای بود که بیشترین عملکرد میوه توت­فرنگی در کاربرد خاکپوش قرمز و کمترین آن در گیاهان بدون خاکپوش ( شاهد) مشاهده گردید. در حالی­که در زمان برداشت سوم (200 روز پس از کاشت)، این خاکپوش­های سیاه و سفید بودند که بیشترین مقدار عملکرد را به­خود اخنتصاص دادند. بیشترین میزان مواد جامد محلول (TSS) میوه، مربوط به تیمارهای دارای خاکپوش در مقایسه با شاهد بود، اما تفاوت چندانی میان خاکپوش­های پلی­اتیلنی رنگی مشاهده نشد. همچنین نتایج گویای آن بود که، تاثیر خاکپوش­های پلی­اتیلنی رنگی بر پارامترهای فلورسانس و شدت سبزینگی برگ معنی­دار بود (p ≤ 0.05). نتایج حاکی از آن بود که رنگ خاکپوش­های پلی­اتیلنی تاثیر چشمگیری بر میزان فلورسانس اولیه، نسبت فلورسانس اولیه به فلورسانس متغیر (Fv/Fo) و شدت سبزینگی برگ داشت. به­طوریکه در هر دو سال زراعی، بیشترین میزان نسبت Fv/Fo ، Fo  و شدت سبزینگی مربوط به خاکپوش­های پلی­اتیلنی رنگی بود و کمترین میزان آن در تیمار شاهد مشاهده شد. این در حالی بود که رنگ خاکپوش­ها تاثیر چندانی بر میزان نسبت Fv/Fm نداشت. در واقع می­توان اینگونه اظهار داشت که، پاسخ گیاه نسبت به رنگ خاکپوش­های پلی­اتیلنی در مقایسه با تیمار شاهد، سبب بهبود عملکرد میوه و افزایش بهره­وری سیستم فتوسنتزی گیاه توت­فرنگی می­شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

The Effect of Colored Polyethylene Mulch on Quality Characteristics, Yield and Chlorophyll Fluorescence Parameters of Strawberry Cv. Camarosa

نویسنده [English]

  • S. Shiukhy
Agro Meteorology Assistant Professor, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering, Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University (SANRU)
چکیده [English]

Introduction
 Inefficient management of strawberry fields is one of the important factors in significantly reducing the strawberry fruit yield and quality. Nowadays application of polyethylene soil mulch is widely considered in the cultivation of fruits and vegetables, with various purposes such as improving quality, increasing yield and reducing weeds. The thermal and light environment around the plant due to the use of polyethylene mulch, can affect the quality and yield of strawberry fruit.
Material and Methods
 In this study, In order to investigate the effect of colored polyethylene mulch on fluorescence parameters, leaf chlorophyll and strawberry fruit yield (cv. Camarosa), an experiment was carried out as completely randomized block design with four experimental treatments including; colored polyethylene mulch (black, red, white) and control (traditional cultivation without mulch) in three replication in the Caspian Sea region, Iran during the 2016-17 and 2017-2018 years. The experimental plots were 5 m long and 1.5 m wide, with 4 planting rows separated by 30 cm in each plot. Then polyethylene mulch was laid on the ridge and the plants were planted at a distance of 20 cm in a row (1 October). Three harvest times (170, 185 and 200 days after planting) were determined to assess the characteristics of harvested fruits.
Result and Discussion
 Based on the results, the effect of mulches color on fruit yield was significantly (P ≤ 0.01). Considering fruit yield at the first harvest (175 DAP) and the second (185 DAP), red mulch showed the highest fruit yield and the lowest was observed in the control treatment. While at the third harvest time (200 DAP), it was the black and white mulches that resulted in the largest amount of yield. The effect of colored polyethylene mulch on the acidity (pH) and titratable acid (TA) of the fruit was not significant, but the amount of soluble solids (TSS) of the fruit at different harvest times showed a significant difference between the experimental treatments. So that in the first harvest time (170 DAP) and the second (185 DAP), the highest amount of soluble solids was observed in treatments with colored polyethylene mulch. The results also showed that colored polyethylene mulches effect on fluorescence parameters and leaf chlorophyll content was significant (P ≤ 0.05). The results showed that mulch color had a significant effect on Fv/Fo ratio, Fo and leaf chlorophyll content. During the both years, the highest Fv/Fo ratio, Fo and leaf chlorophyll were related to colored polyethylene mulches, and the lowest was observed in the control treatment, while colored mulches did not affect the Fv/Fm ratio. In fact, it can be explain that the plant's response to the colored polyethylene mulches, compared to the control treatment, improves fruit yield and increases the strawberry photosynthetic system.
Conclusion
Comparison of the average effect of polyethylene mulch on strawberry fruit yield during the growing season in both years, showed similar results. Polyethylene mulches can increase yields by increasing soil temperature, increasing nutrient availability, increasing root uptake in nutrients and increasing the efficiency of soil microorganisms. Based on the results, in the first harvest time (170 DAP), second harvest time (185 DAP) and third harvest time (200 DAP), the yield of strawberry fruit in both growing season showed that the highest yield was related to treatments with The colored polyethylene mulch and the lowest yield was observed in the control treatment. Red mulch had the highest fruit yield during the first and second harvests, but gradually decreased during the third harvest. It seems that red color, in addition to increasing yield, has also caused early ripening of the fruit. The amount of soluble solids (TSS) of the fruit at different harvest times showed a significant difference between the experimental treatments. During the first harvest (170 DAP) and the second (185 DAP), the highest amount of soluble solids was observed in treatments with colored polyethylene mulch. Based on the findings, the effect of colored polyethylene mulch on fluorescence parameters and chlorophyll content of leaves indicated that the color of polyethylene mulch had a significant effect on the amount of Fo and chlorophyll content of leaves. Therefore, the use of polyethylene mulch due to the increase in yield and quality of strawberry fruit compared to its traditional cultivation method seems very beneficial.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Day after planting
  • Fruit quality
  • Harvest time
  • Heat environment
  • Photosynthesis system
  1. Abbasi , AghaAlikhani M., and Hamzei H. 2017. Effect of Irrigation Intervals, Black Plastic Mulch and Biofertilizers on Quantitative and Qualitative Characteristics of Pumpkin (Cucurbita pepo L.). Iranian Journal of Field Crops Research 15: 399-412.
  2. Abou El-Yazied A., and Mady M.A. 2011. Effect of naphthalene acetic acid and yeast extract application on growth and productivity of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) plants. Research Journal of Agriculture and Biological Sciences 7: 271-281.
  3. Bardehji, Bannayan M., and Asadi Gh. 2019. The Effect of Different Levels of Irrigation and Plastic Mulch on Yield and Yield Components of Medicinal Pumpkin (Cucurbita pepo convar. pepo var. styriaca) in Mashhad. Journal of Field Crops Research 17: 265-273. http://doi.org/10.22067/gsc. v17i2.71035.
  4. Bernier, and Perilleux C. 2005. A physiological overview of the genetics of flowering time control. Plant Biotechnology 3: 3–16. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-7652.2004.00114.x.
  5. Casierra-Posada F., Fonseca E., and Vaughan G. 2011. Fruit quality in strawberry (Fragaria) grown on colored plastic mulch. Agronomía Colombiana 29: 407-413. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/230626837.
  6. CauletP, Morariu A., Iurea D., and Gradinariu G. 2013. Growth and Photosynthetic Characteristics of Two Strawberry Cultivars in Response to Furostanol Glycosides Treatments. Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici 41: 231-237.
  7. El-Mageed , Semida W.M., and El-Vahed M.H. 2016. Effect of mulching on plant water status, soil salinity and yield of squash under summer-fall deficit irrigation in salt affected soil. Agricultural Water Management 173: 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2016.04.025.
  8. El-SamnoudiM., El-Aty A., Ibrahim M., and El-Tawwab A.R. 2019. Combined effect of poultry manure and soil mulching on soil properties, physiological responses, yields and water-use efficiencies of sorghum plants under water stress. Communication in Soil Science and Plant Analysis 50: 1-14. https://doi.org/10.1080/00103624.2019.1671445.
  9. El-ZohiriS.M., and Samy M.M. 2013. Effectivness of Colored Plastic Mulches and Harvest Date on Potato. A: Influence of Colored Plastic Mulches on Germination, Growth and Marketable Yield. International Journal of Product Development 18: 405–420.
  10. Franquera 2015. Effects of Plastic Mulch Color on the Total Soluble Solids, Total Sugars and Chlorophyll Content of Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.). International Journal of Research in Agriculture and Forestry 2: 18-24.
  11. Haffner, Rosenfeld J., Skrede G., and Wang L. 2002. Quality of red raspberry (Rubus idaeusL.) cultivars after storage in controlled and normal atmospheres. Postharvest Biology and Technology 24: 279-289. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0925-5214(01)00147-8.
  12. Hasani, Pirdashti H., Yaghoubian Y., and Zaman Nouri M. 2014. Application of Chlorophyll Fluorescence Technique to Evaluate the Tolerance of Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Genotypes to Cold Temperature and Water Stresses. Journal of Cell & Tissue 5: 195-206.
  13. Javanmardi, and Rezaei R. 2013. The effect of polyethylene mulch on the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of green bell pepper. 2-Quarterly Journal of Vegetable Science 2: 1-8. https://doi.org/10.22034/IUVS.2015.15367.
  14. Kaczmarska, and Michalek W. 2013. Changes in chlorophyll content and fluorescence and fruit yield contributing traits in different genotypes of strawberry (Fragaria ´ ananassa DUCH.). Acta Agrobotanica 66(4): 101-108. https://doi.org/10.5586/aa.2013.056.
  15. LaurieM., Maja M.N., Ngobeni H.M., and Du Plooy C.P. 2015. Effect of different types of mulching and plant spacing on weed control canopy cover and yield of sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L.). American Journal of Experimental Agriculture 5(5): 358-350. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/272789250.
  16. LedesmaA., Nakata M., and Sugiyama N. 2008. Effect of high temperature stress on the reproductive growth of strawberry cvs. ‘Nyoho’ and ‘Toyonoka’. Scientia Horticulture 116(2): 186-193. https://doi:10.1016/j. scienta.2007.12.010.
  17. LoughrinH., and Kasperbauer M.J. 2002. Aroma of fresh strawberries is enhanced by ripening over red versus black mulches. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 50: 161–165. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf010950j.
  18. Medina, Gauthier L., Harnois R., and Khanizadeh S. 2011. Effect of plastic mulches on yield and fruit quality of strawberry plants grown under high tunnels. Acta Horticulture 893: 1327-1332. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/259575401.
  19. Moor, Karp K., Poldma P., and Pae A. 2005. Cultural systems affect content of anthocyanin and vitamin C in strawberry fruits. European Journal of Horticultural Science 70: 195-199.
  20. MorganM., Shi J.W., Hampton S.M., and Frost G. 2012. Effect of meal timing and glycaemic index on glucose control and insulin secretion in healthy volunteers. British Journal of Nutrition 108: 1286–1291. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007114511006507.
  21. NaW., Jeong J.H., Lee S.Y., Choi H.G., Kim S.H., and Rho R. 2014. Chlorophyll fluorescence as a diagnostic tool for abiotic stress tolerance in wild and cultivated strawberry species. Horticulture, Environment, and Biotechnology 55(4): 280-286.
  22. RannuP., Ahmed R., Siddiky A., Saleh M.D.A., Murad Kh.F.I., and Sarkar P.K. 2018. Effect of irrigation and mulch on the yield and water use of strawberry. International Journal of Agronomy 2: 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/2903706.
  23. Razavi, Pollet B., Steppe K., and Van Labeke M.C. 2008. Chlorophyll fluorescence as a tool for evaluation of drought stress in strawberry. Photosynthetica 46: 631–633.
  24. Sarkar, and Sarkar S. 2018. Influence of differential irrigation and mulch on crop growth, yield and moisture extraction of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.). Indian Journal of Soil Conservation 46(1): 85-93.
  25. Shiukhy Soqanloo S., and Raeini M. 2018. The effect of red plastic mulch on antioxidant yield and antioxidant activity of different strawberry cultivars. Journal of Plant Production Research 25(3): 13-25. http://doi.org/10.22069/jopp.2018.12913.2163.
  26. Shiukhy Soqanloo S., Ghasemi Y., Raeini M., and Ghasemi K. 2012. The effect of plastic mulches and harvest time on antioxidant activity, phenol and flavonoids of strawberry fruit. In Proceeding 1th The first national strawberry conference, 10th-11th June, Kurdistan, Iran.
  27. Shiukhy, Raeini M., and Chalavi V. 2014. Colored plastic mulch microclimates affect strawberry fruit yield and quality. International Journal of Biometeorology 59(8): 1061-1066. http://doi.org/10.1007/s00484-014-0919-0.
  28. SinghP., Sharma P., Kumar N., Singh d., and Singh B. 2017. Influence of mulching on growth and yield of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) under protected environment. International Journal of Biotechnology 19(2): 1-6. http://doi.org/10.9734/BJI/2017/35410.
  29. StrasserJ., and Stirbet A.D. 2001. Estimation of the energetic connectivity of PS II centers in plants using the fluorescence rise O–J–I–P; fitting of experimental data to three different PS II models. Mathematics and Computers in Simulation 56(4): 451- 461. http://doi: 10.1016/s0378-4754(01)00314-7.
  30. WangY., Zheng W., and Galletta G.J. 2012. Cultural system affects fruit quality and antioxidant capacity in strawberries. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 50: 6534–6542. http://doi: 10.1021/jf020614i.

 

CAPTCHA Image