نوع مقاله : مقالات پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 گروه علوم و مهندسی باغبانی و فضای سبز ، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه تهران،
2 تهران
3 عضو هیات علمی دانشگاه تهران
4 عضو هییت علمی گروه علوم ومهندسی باغبانی و فضای سبز ، دانشگاه تهران ، ایران
5 عضو هییت علمی گروه علوم و مهندسی باغبانی و فضای سبز، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه تهران
چکیده
چکیده
ایران در منطقه خشکی از جهان قرار دارد که شوری خاک اغلب با شرایط خشکسالی همزمان است. تنش شوری از طریق القای تنش اسمزی، تنش اکسیداتیو و ایجاد سمیت یونی باعث ایجاد اختلال در رشد طبیعی گیاهان می‌شود. هدف از این مطالعه بررسی پاسخ‌های فیزیکوشیمیایی و رشد اولیه گیاهچه سه گیاه بابونه کبیر (Tanacetum parthenium)، بومادران (Achillea millefolium) و قیچ (Zygophyllum eurypterum) به سطوح مختلف تنش شوری صفر (شاهد) ، 5/1، 3 و 6 دسی‌زیمنس بر متر بود. آزمایش به صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح کاملا تصادفی در شرایط گلخانه‌ای در کشت گلدانی اجرا شد. برای اعمال تنش شوری از ماده سدیم کلرید استفاده شد و تنش شوری در مرحله‌ی رشدی استقرار گیاهچه‌ای صورت گرفت. نتایج این مطالعه نشان داد که با افزایش غلظت شوری میزان رنگریزه های فتوسنتزی (کلروفیل a، کلروفیل b، کاروتنوئید و کلروفیل کل) کاهش یافت که با کاهش میزان رشد طولی اندام هوایی و ریشه همراه بود. همچنین نتایج نشان داد که در سطوح تنش شوری شدید، میزان خسارت اکسیداتیو افزایش یافت که منجر به افزایش پراکسیداسیون چربی (MDA ) و کاهش پایداری غشاء سلولی شد که با کاهش رنگیزه‌های فتوسنتزی و در نهایت اختلال در رشد بهینه اولیه گیاه همراه بود. در پاسخ به تنش اکسیداتیو حاصل از تنش شوری، ظرفیت آنتی‌اکسیدانتی هر سه گونه موردمطالعه افزایش یافت. همچنین نتایج نشان داد که میزان تعادلی نسبت پتاسیم به سدیم رابطه معنی داری با گونه گیاهی، اندام گیاه و سطح غلظت شوری داشت که بیشترین آن در اندام هوایی بابونه کبیر مشاهده شد. به طور کلی، با توجه به پاسخ‌های بیوشیمیایی و فیزیولوژیکی مرتبط با تحمل تنش شوری، هر سه گیاه مورد مطالعه به تنش شوری تحمل نسبتا بالایی داشتند، اما بیشترین تحمل تنش شوری در گیاه بابونه کبیر مشاهده گردید. بنابراین، کشت این سه گونه با ارزش زینتی معطر و دارویی می‌تواند یک راهکار مناسب برای پایداری اکولوژی اکوسیستم‌های شور و همچنین کاربست در ترکیب کاشت در مناظر شهری باشد.
کلمات کلیدی: پایداری یون‌ها، تنش شوری، گیاهان معطر، ظرفیت آنتی‌اکسیدانی
کلیدواژه‌ها
موضوعات
عنوان مقاله [English]
Physico-chemical response and seedling early growth of three aromatic plants, Tanacetum parthenium, Achillea millefolium, and Zygophyllum eurypterum to salinity stress
نویسندگان [English]
- Maryam Ayaseh 1
- Mohsen Kafi 2
- Mahdi Khansefid 3
- Majeed Shokrpour 4
- Rohangiz Naderi 5
1 Department of Horticulture and Green Space Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
2 Tehran
3 Faculty member of Tehran University
4 Faculty member of Tehran university
5 Faculty member of Tehran university
چکیده [English]
Title
Physico-chemical response and seedling growth of three aromatic plants, Tanacetum parthenium, Achillea millefolium, and Zygophyllum eurypterum to salinity stress
2. Introduction
Today, a significant factor limiting plant growth is the rising salinity of soil and water, which poses challenges to food security, ecological stability, and agricultural systems. Numerous studies indicate that salinity hampers seed germination and early plant development by inducing osmotic stress, ion toxicity, and oxidative stress. Utilizing salinity-tolerant aromatic plants in saline areas can effectively enhance landscapes. Therefore, cultivating valuable plant species that meet high ecological demands may be the best strategy to mitigate salinity stress in agriculture and natural resources. These species can serve as alternative crops for oil seed production, food products, fodder, and both medicinal and ornamental uses. Tanacetum parthenium, Achillea millefolium, and Zygophyllum eurypterum are examples of medicinal and aromatic herbaceous perennials with low input requirements. They can be grown for various purposes, including ornamental use in dry and saline climates, as well as in the food, perfumery, cosmetics, and medicinal industries. Successful cultivation of these valuable plants in stressful ecosystems necessitates investigating their early growth responses to salinity stress. This research aims to identify suitable conditions for the successful establishment of these plants, ultimately leading to increased production.
3. Materials and Methods
In order to investigate the physicochemical responses and the early growth of seedlings in the shoot and root of three plants, T. parthenium, A. millefolium and Z. eurypterum to different levels of zero salinity stress (control), 1.5, 3 and 6 dS/m, an experiment was conducted as factorial based on completely random design with three replications using a completely randomized design in a greenhouse under pot conditions in Department of Horticultural Science and Green Space Engineering at the University of Tehran. Seeds from three plant species—T. parthenium, A. millefolium, and Z. eurypterum—were obtained from the Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands (RIFR) in Karaj province, Iran. Prior to planting, the seeds were sterilized for one minute in a 2% sodium hypochlorite solution and then washed three times with sanitized water. The seeds were then planted in plastic pots (45, 66, and 23 cm) filled with a mixture of clay, sand, and perlite, at a depth of three centimeters, under greenhouse conditions. Sodium chloride was used to create salinity stress, exposing all studied plants to four salinity levels for a duration of six weeks. The greenhouse maintained a temperature of 20°C at night and 25°C during the day, with a relative humidity of 60-80%. All physiological and biochemical measurements were conducted after six weeks, once the plants were fully established. It is important to note that all samples were washed with distilled water post-sampling, the surface water was removed using filter paper, and samples were immediately stored at -80°C until measurements were taken
4. Results and Discussion
The results of this study indicated that the concentration of photosynthetic pigments (chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, carotenoids, and total chlorophyll) decreased with increasing salinity levels, which correlated with a reduction in the growth length of both shoots and roots. The results indicated that under severe salinity stress, oxidative damage increased, leading to higher levels of fat peroxidation (MDA) and reduced cell membrane stability. This decrease in stability was linked to a reduction in photosynthetic pigments, ultimately disrupting optimal plant early growth. At all salinity levels, the total antioxidant capacity of A. millefolium leaves was greater than that of its roots. Among all three plants and salinity levels, the highest total antioxidant capacity of 78.57% was observed in the roots of Z. eurypterum under a salinity condition of 3 dS/m. Conversely, the lowest total antioxidant capacity, at 25.38%, was found in the leaves of T. parthenium under non-saline conditions. The results indicated that the potassium to sodium ratio at equilibrium varied significantly depending on the plant species, plant organ, and salinity concentration and the highest ratio was found in the aerial parts of T. parthenium.
5. Conclusion
Overall, based on the biochemical and physiological responses to salinity stress, all three plants exhibited a relatively high tolerance. However, the T. parthenium plant demonstrated the greatest tolerance to salinity stress among them. Therefore, the cultivation of these three species, which possess ornamental, aromatic, and medicinal value, can serve as a viable solution for the ecological sustainability of saline ecosystems and their integration into urban landscaping.
6. Acknowledgement
The authors are grateful for the scientific assistance of Dr. Behrouz Malekpour
7. Keywords: Antioxidant Capacity, Aromatic Plants, Ion homeostasis, Salinity Stress
کلیدواژه‌ها [English]
- Antioxidant capacity
- Aromatic plants
- Early growth
- Landscape
- Salinity stress
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