تأثیر تاریخ‌های کشت بر گیاه نرگس (Narcissus tazetta L.) تحت آبیاری و میکروارگانیسم‌های مؤثر (EM)

مقالات آماده انتشار

نوع مقاله : مقالات پژوهشی

نویسندگان

• احمد اکرمی ¹
• حسن بیات ²
• سعید دقیقی ³
• محمد حسین امینی فرد ⁴

¹ دانش آموخته کارشناسی ارشد گروه علوم باغبانی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه بیرجند، بیرجند، ایران

² بیرجند

³ عضو هیئت علمی دانشگاه بیرجند

⁴ دانشیار، گروه باغبانی و مرکز پژوهشی گیاهان ویژه منطقه، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه بیرجند، بیرجند، ایران

10.22067/jhs.2024.90121.1380

چکیده

با توجه به اهمیت روزافزون کمبود منابع آبی کشور و اهمیت اقتصادی قابل توجه در کشت و کار گل نرگس رقم شهلا، دستیابی به راهکارهایی جهت افزایش کیفیت و تولید در واحد سطح این گل حائز اهمیت می‌باشد. به‌منظور بررسی تأثیر تاریخ کاشت، آبیاری تابستانه و میکروارگانیسم‌های مؤثر (EM) بر صفات رشدی، زینتی و فیزیولوژیکی گل نرگس (Narcissus tazetta cv. Shahla)، آزمایشی مزرعه‌ای در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار طی سال‌های زراعی 1402-1400 در شهر قائن، استان خراسان جنوبی، اجرا شد. تیمارهای آزمایش شامل دو فاکتور زمان کاشت (10 تیر و 10 شهریور) و زمان‌های مختلف آبیاری (بدون آبیاری، همراه با آبیاری و آبیاری با کود EM) بودند. نتایج نشان داد بیشترین مقدار طول برگ (38/27 سانتی‌متر) و ارتفاع گیاه (15/25 سانتی‌متر) از سوخ‌های کاشته شده در شهریور همراه با کود زیستی EM به‌دست آمد. با این وجود بیش‌ترین تعداد برگ و عرض برگ نیز از سوخ‌های کاشته شده در تاریخ 10 تیر ماه همراه با آبیاری با کود زیستی EM مشاهده شد. بیشترین صفات زایشی مانند قطر تاج گل، طول گل، قطر گل، طول ساقه گل‌دهنده و تعداد گل در متر مربع از کاشت سوخ در تیر ماه همراه با آبیاری به ثبت رسید. علاوه بر این، بیش‌ترین مقادیر کلروفیل کل، کارتنوئید، ازت و پتاسیم در کشت شهریور مشاهده شد. به‌طور کلی نتایج بیانگر آن است که کاشت سوخ‌های نرگس در تاریخ 10 تیر ماه، همراه با آبیاری تابستانه باعث افزایش قابل توجهی در صفات رویشی و زایشی مزرعه گل نرگس در استان خراسان جنوبی می‌گردد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

• آبیاری تابستانه
• کود زیستی
• گلدهی
• نرگس

موضوعات

• گیاهان زینتی و فضای سبز

عنوان مقاله [English]

The effect of planting dates on narcissus plant (Narcissus tazetta L.) under irrigation and effective microorganisms (EM)

نویسندگان [English]

• Ahmad Akrami ¹
• H. Bayat ²
• SAEID DAGHIGHI ³
• mohmmad Hossein Aminifard ⁴

¹ M.Sc. Graduated Student, Department of Horticultural Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Birjand, Birjand, Iran

² Birjand

³ خیابان مفتح - نبش مفتح 39

⁴ 2- Associate Professor, Department of Horticultural Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Birjand, Birjand, Iran

چکیده [English]

Introduction

Narcissus is the most important early-season blooming flowering plant that belongs to the Amaryllidaceae family. N. tazetta is a valuable plant for cosmetics, cut flowers, and landscape plants. The growth and flower quality of narcissus could be improved by adopting proper cultural practices and application of plant nutrients. Narcissus is one of the geophyte plants; therefore, one of the important and influencing factors on the growth and performance of narcissus is the appropriate planting date, especially in the first year. Bio fertilizers can be mentioned among the new and effective sources of fertilizer that are used in plant nutrition today. These fertilizers contain useful soil microorganisms such as bacteria, fungi and actinomycetes with their metabolites that stimulate the quantitative and qualitative performance of the plant in different ways. Since there is little information about the effect of planting and environmental conditions, including the date of planting, nutrition with biofertilizers and irrigation on Narcissus tazetta. Therefore, the investigation of these factors can help the cultivation of narcissus plant in South Khorasan region. Therefore, the aim of this research was to study the effect of planting dates, summer irrigation and EM biofertilizer on the growth and reproductive characteristics of N. tazetta cv. Shahla in South Khorasan region.

Materials and Methods

To investigate the effect of planting date, summer irrigation and EM bio fertilizer on the growth, ornamental and physiological traits of Narcissus tazetta cv. Shahla, an experiment in the form of randomized complete block design with three replications during crop years 2021-2022 in Qaen city of South Khorasan province was implemented. The experimental treatments were bulb planting on July 1 without irrigation, bulb planting on July 1 with irrigation, bulb planting on July 1 along with irrigation with EM fertilizer, bulb planting on September 1 without irrigation, bulb planting on September 1 along with irrigation, and bulb planting on September 1 along with irrigation with EM. The measured indices including vegetative characteristics (number of leaves, leaf length, leaf width and plant height), reproductive traits (corona diameter, flower length, flower diameter, stem diameter, flowering stem length, number of flowers per square meter and number of flowers per stem), physiological traits (total chlorophyll, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and carotenoid content) and leaf nutrients (nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium). Finally, the experimental data were statistically analyzed using SAS, JMP Statistical Discovery Pro v13.2.1 program and comparison of means was performed by LSD test at 5% probability level.

Results and Discussion

The results showed that the maximum amount of leaf length and plant height was obtained from the bulbs planted in September that were irrigated with EM fertilizer. However, the highest number of leaves and leaf width were obtained from the bulbs planted in July along with irrigation with EM fertilizer. Planting the bulbs in July along with irrigation had the highest diameter of the flower corona and the length of the flowering stem. In the second year of the experiment, the maximum flower diameter was obtained from the bulbs planted on July 1 with irrigation (3.61 cm). The results showed that the number of flowers per square meter in both years of the experiment was affected by the date of planting and irrigation, so that the bulbs planted on July 1 with irrigation and irrigation with EM fertilizer had the highest number of flowers. The highest number of flowers on the flowering stem was obtained from the treatments of planting bulbs on July 1(7.21 flowers per square meter) and September 1 (1.7 flowers per square meter) along with biofertilizer. In addition, the highest total chlorophyll, carotenoid, nitrogen and potassium content was obtained from September culture. Enhancing the supply of nutrients throughout the growing season, a key mechanism of bio fertilizers, promotes the development and reinforcement of floral structures in the terminal meristem of the bud during the phases of cell meiosis in summer and the stimulation of flower buds, which ultimately boosts the yield of the narcissus flower farm.

Conclusion

The results of this research showed that planting the bulbs in September and using EM biofertilizer improved the vegetative characteristics of narcissus flower. In addition, the results showed that the planting of bulbs in July and irrigation in summer improved the reproductive characteristics of N. tazetta cv. Shahla. Overall, the results indicate that planting narcissus bulbs on July 1, along with summer irrigation, significantly increases the yield of narcissus flower in South Khorasan province.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

• Bio fertilizer
• Flowering
• Narcissus
• Summer irrigation