بررسی تأثیر اسید هیومیک و پتاسیم سیلیکات بر شاخص­های رشد، عملکرد و اسانس زیره سبز (Cuminum cyminum L.)

نوع مقاله : مقالات پژوهشی

نویسندگان

محمد حسین امینی فرد ¹

لیلا اسدالللهی ²

حسن بیات ²

¹ 1 - گروه علوم باغبانی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه بیرجند، بیرجند، ایران 2- مرکز پژوهشی گیاهان ویژه منطقه، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه بیرجند، بیرجند، ایران

² گروه علوم باغبانی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه بیرجند، بیرجند، ایران

https://doi.org/10.22067/jhs.2025.93814.1433

چکیده

زیره سبز (Cuminum cyminum L.) از جمله مهم‌ترین و اقتصادی‌ترین گیاهان دارویی مناطق خشک و نیمه‌خشک کشور محسوب می­شود. به­منظور بررسی اثر اسید هیومیک و پتاسیم سیلیکات بر رشد و عملکرد زیره سبز آزمایشی به­صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح بلوک­های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در مزرعه تحقیقاتی دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه بیرجند در سال 1402 انجام شد. عامل اول شامل اسید هیومیک در سه سطح (صفر، 5 و 10 کیلوگرم در هکتار) و عامل دوم پتاسیم سیلیکات در سه سطح (صفر، دو و چهار در هزار) بود. نتایج تجزیه واریانس نشان داد که مصرف پتاسیم سیلیکات و اسید هیومیک بر خصوصیات رویشی، زایشی و اسانس زیره سبز معنی­دار بود، به­طوری­که بیشترین ارتفاع بوته و تعداد ساقه فرعی از مصرف دو در هزار پتاسیم سیلیکات و بیشترین وزن تر و خشک بوته از مصرف چهار در هزار پتاسیم سیلیکات به دست آمد. نتایج اثر متقابل تیمارها نشان داد که بیشترین وزن هزاردانه، عملکرد دانه و عملکرد اسانس از مصرف چهار در هزار پتاسیم سیلیکات و 10 کیلوگرم در هکتار اسید هیومیک و بیشترین ارتفاع بوته، تعداد چترک و تعداد دانه در چترک از مصرف دو در هزار پتاسیم سیلیکات و 5 کیلوگرم در هکتار اسید هیومیک به دست آمد. با‌ توجه به ‌یافته­های این پژوهش، به­نظر می­رسد که استفاده هم‌زمان از پتاسیم سیلیکات (چهار در هزار) و اسید هیومیک (10 کیلوگرم در هکتار) می­تواند برای بهبود بخشیدن به عملکرد دانه و اسانس زیره سبز مورد استفاده قرار گیرد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

سیلیس

کود آلی

کود شیمیایی

گیاه دارویی

موضوعات

• گیاهان دارویی

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عنوان مقاله English

Investigating the Effect of Humic Acid and Potassium Silicate Fertilizers on Growth Indicators, Yield and Essential Oil of Cumin (Cuminum cyminum L.)

نویسندگان English

M. H. Aminifard ¹

L. Asdollaei ²

H. Bayat ²

¹ 1- Department of Horticultural Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Birjand University, Birjand, Iran 2- Regional Plant Research Center, Faculty of Agriculture, Birjand University, Birjand, Iran

² Department of Horticultural Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Birjand University, Birjand, Iran

چکیده English

Introduction
Cumin (Cuminum cyminum L.) is one of the most important domestic herbs in Iran and is one of the earliest spices used by humans. Due to its characteristics such as short growing season, low water requirement, non-interruption of growth season with other agricultural products as well as high economic justification for other crops and export, it has found a special place in arid and semi-arid areas. Organic and chemical fertilizers are necessary for each other and both types of fertilizers are needed to create favorable conditions to improve quantitative and qualitative traits. Overuse of chemical fertilizers has caused several problems in agriculture including changes in the soil structure, contamination of underground waters, and heavy metal toxicity. Agricultural scientists suggest replacing chemical fertilizers with organic products to reduce negative effects on the environment and soil properties. In recent years, neglecting the importance of organic matters to improve soil fertility has led to an increase in chemical fertilizer use in Iran. Organic matter, due to its positive effects on soil, is identified as one of the important pillars of soil productivity. However, more than 60 percent of agricultural soils in Iran contain less than one percent of organic matter. Therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate the influence of humic acid and potassium silicate on morphology parameters and the essential oil yield of cumin.

Materials and Methods
In order to investigate the effect of humic acid and potassium silicate on the growth and yield of Birjand cumin, a factorial experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design with replication in the research field of the Faculty of Agriculture, Birjand University in 2023. The first factor included humic acid at three levels (0, 5, and 10 kg.ha^-1) and the second factor was potassium silicate at three levels (0, 2, and 4 per thousand). Humic acid fertilizer was applied with irrigation water at the three-leaf stage, tillering and after fruit formation of cumin. Potassium silicate fertilizer was applied as a foliar spray at the three-leaf stage, tillering and after fruit formation of cumin. After the crop ripened, the plant height, number of lateral shoots per plant, number of umbels per plant, number of umbels per umbel, number of seeds per umbel, 1000-seed weight, seed yield, percentage and yield of essential oil were measured.

Results and Discussion
The results of variance analysis showed that the use of potassium silicate and humic acid had a significant effect on the vegetative (plant height, number of lateral shoots), reproductive (number of umbels per plant, number of umbels per umbel, number of seeds per umbel, 1000 weight seed and seed yield) and essential oil characteristics of cumin, such that the highest plant height (15.27 cm) and the number of lateral shoots (3.77) were obtained from the use of 2 per thousand potassium silicate and the highest fresh and dry plant weight was obtained from the use of 4 per thousand potassium silicate. The results of the interaction of treatments showed that the highest 1000-seed weight, seed yield and essential oil yield were obtained from the use of 4 per thousand potassium silicate and 10 kg.ha^-1 humic acid, and the highest plant height, number of umbels and number of seeds per umbel were obtained from the use of 2 per thousand potassium silicate and 5 kg.ha^-1 humic acid.

Conclusion
In general, the results indicated a positive effect of potassium silicate and humic acid on cumin yield and yield components. Therefore, according to the findings of this study, it seems that simultaneous use of potassium silicate (4 per thousand) and humic acid (10 kg.ha^-1) can be used to improve the seed yield and essential oil of cumin.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

Chemical fertilizer

Medicinal plant

Organic fertilizer

Silica

Authors retain the copyright. This is an open access article distributed under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0).

 

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