تأثیر سایه‌دهی و رنگ سایبان بر ویژگی‌‌های کمّی و کیفی میوه انار (Punica granatum L.) رقم ’رباب‘

نوع مقاله : مقالات پژوهشی

نویسندگان

علیرضا بنیان پور ¹

فاطمه اسفندیاری بیات ²

¹ بخش تحقیقات علوم زراعی و باغی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی فارس، سازمان تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی. شیراز ، ایران

² بخش تحقیقات علوم باغبانی، دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه شیراز، شیراز، ایران

https://doi.org/10.22067/jhs.2026.91589.1405

چکیده

انار (Punica granatum L.) میوه ای نیمه‌گرمسیری است که در مناطق مختلف استان فارس کشت می‌گردد. استان فارس با دارا بودن 27 هزار هکتار سطح زیرکشت انار، مهم‌ترین منطقه کاشت و تولید انار در ایران می‌باشد. تغییرات اقلیمی و گرم شدن آب‌و‌هوا همراه با کاهش نزولات جوی در سال‌‌های اخیر باعث گردیده که درختان انار در اکثر مناطق انار‌کاری دچار تنش‌‌های گرمایی و خشکی شده که این امر روی خصوصیات کمّی و کیفی میوه تأثیر گذاشته و باعث کاهش کیفیت و بازارپسندی میوه‌‌های تولید در باغات شده است. استفاده از سایبان یکی از راهکارهایی است که جهت کاهش تأثیر تنش‌‌های محیطی و بهبود شرایط پیرامون درخت پیشنهاد می­گردد. ازآنجایی‌که رنگ و میزان سایه‌دهی (تراکم) سایبان یکی از عوامل تأثیرگزار در انتخاب سایه‌بان بوده و روی کمیت و کیفیت میوه تولید‌شده نیز تأثیرگزار است، بنابراین در این پژوهش، تأثیر استفاده از انواع مختلف سایبان روی ویژگی‌‌های کمّی و کیفی میوه انار رقم ’رباب‘ بررسی گردید. این پژوهش در قالب طرح آماری بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با نُه تیمار و سه تکرار در دو سال اجرا شد. تیمارهای آزمایش شامل استفاده از سایبان به رنگ‌های سفید و سبز با دو میزان سایه‌دهی متفاوت (30 و 50 درصد) و دو روش اجرا (روی داربست و روی تاج درخت) بود که با درختان شاهد (بدون پوشش) مقایسه شدند. نتایج نشان داد که استفاده از سایبان باعث بهبود ویژگی‌‌های مختلف میوه انار رقم ’رباب‘ گردید. استفاده از سایبان سفید و سبز با تراکم 50 درصد همراه با استفاده از داربست بهترین نتایج را به همراه داشت، به‌طوری که بیشترین وزن تر 100عدد دانه ( 74/46 گرم) ، وزن خشک 100 دانه (02/10 گرم) ، رنگ دانه (54/4 )، وزن میوه ( 414 گرم)، غلظت اسید آسکوربیک (26/0 میلی گرم درگرم آب میوه) و آنتوسیانین آب میوه (466/0 میلی گرم در گرم آب میوه) در این دو تیمار مشاهده شد. به‌طورکلی، استفاده از سایبان سفید یا سبز با تراکم حداقل 50 درصد روی داربست می‌تواند باعث بهبود خصوصیات کمّی و کیفی میوه تولید ‌شده گردیده و تأثیرات افزایش دمای محیط و خشکی را به نحو محسوسی کاهش دهد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

اسید آسکوربیک

آنتوسیانین

رنگ میوه

وزن میوه

موضوعات

• میوه کاری

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عنوان مقاله English

The Effect of Color and Shading Rate of Net Shade on Quantitative and Qualitative Characteristics of 'Rabab' Pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) Fruit

نویسندگان English

A. Bonyanpour ¹

F. Esfandiari Bayat ²

¹ Crop and Horticulture Science Research Department, Fars Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Shiraz, Iran

² Horticultural Science Research Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Shiraz University. Shiraz, Iran

چکیده English

Introduction
Pomegranate, Punica granatum L., is a subtropical fruit that is cultivated in various regions of Iran. Fars province, with about 27,000 hectares of pomegranate orchards, is the most important pomegranate planting and production area in Iran. In recent years, as a result of climate change and warming, pomegranate orchards in most regions have suffered from heat and drought stresses, which has affected the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of the fruit and has reduced the quality and marketability of the fruits produced. Using net shading is one way to reduce the impact of climate change. By reducing the intensity of sunlight and reducing the temperature around the plant, suitable conditions are provided for the growth and development of the tree and reduces the destructive effects of environmental stresses. The color and shading of net shade are also important. Because the color and shading percentage of the canopy affect the physiological activities of the plant.

Materials and Methods
This research was conducted during 2019-2020 for 2 years in a private orchard in the Kohmar area of ​​Kazeron city of Iran. ́̒Rabab̕ pomegranate trees that were planted at a distance of 5 × 5 meter with 15 years old were used. In this research, the effect of different types of net shading was investigated. The experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design with 9 treatments and three replications in two years. The experimental treatments included the use of net shading in white and green colors with two different shading percentage (30% and 50%) and two implementation methods (on the base and on the canopy of the tree) which were compared with control trees (without cover). During the growing season, measurements were made in relation to aril weight, pill weight, fruit weight, aril color, TSS, fruit juice content, anthocyanin content, ascorbic acid content and phenol content in all treatments.

Results and Discussions
The use of shading improved the physical and chemical properties of the ‘Rabab̕ pomegranate fruit. The highest fresh weight of the aril was obtained in the 50% green shade treatment without a base, the highest dry weight of the aril was obtained in the 50% green shade treatment with a base, the most suitable aril color was obtained in the 50% white shade treatment with a base, and the highest weight of fruit was obtained in the 50% green shade with a base. However, in all shading treatments, the percentage of fruit juice was superior to the control. Regarding the biochemical characteristics of the fruit juice, the results also showed the appropriate effect of the use of the shading, so that in most shading treatments, the amount of anthocyanin accumulation in the fruit juice, which had a direct effect on the color of the aril and pomegranate juice, increased compared to the control and showed a significant difference. The amount of ascorbic acid was also affected by the use of the shading and its amount in the fruit juice increased, so that in the 50% white shading without a base, the highest amount of ascorbic acid was observed, which showed a significant difference from the control. By improving the environmental conditions around the plant, shading reduces the destructive effects of heat and drought stresses and can improve the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of pomegranate fruit.

Conclusion
Net shads, by improving the environmental conditions around the plant and reducing the intensity of sunlight and temperature, reduces the rate of evaporation and transpiration from the plant and provides the plant with greater access to water and nutrients. It also reduces the impact of heat and light stresses, making more nutrients available for fruit growth and development, thereby improving the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of pomegranate fruit. Using a shade net with 50 percent shading in green or white gave the best results and improved most of the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of ́̒Rabab̕ pomegranate fruit.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

Ascorbic acid

Anthocyanin

Fruit color

Fruit weight

Authors retain the copyright. This is an open access article distributed under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0).

 

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